Investigation And Comparison Of Immigrants In The Qiangtang Reserve And Non-immigrant Relocation Of Birds And Animal Resources

The Qiangtang National Nature Reserve is the second nature reserve in the country,the second continental nature reserve in the world after Greenland National Park,and the nature reserve with the highest average altitude.The contradiction between the development of economy and the conservation of environment in the extremely high altitude villages and towns in the reserve is more prominent.In order to effectively solve this contradiction,In 2019,the government of the Tibet Autonomous Region decided to implement the project of "ecological relocation in extremely high altitude areas".In this study,we selected Cozeqiangma Township,Gacuo Township and Rongma Township,which have carried out ecological relocation at extremely high altitude,as well as Ejiu Township,which has not been relocated,as the survey area,to investigate the animal diversity in the survey area using the line method,sample point method,infrared camera method and unmanned aerial vehicle remote sensing technology,to find out the composition of the animal fauna and the current situation of resources in the survey area,compare the animal diversity in the relocated and non-relocated townships,and evaluate the protection effect,Understand the distribution range of wildlife under national key protection,analyze the differences of animal diversity under different habitat conditions,and provide basis for relevant departments to formulate protection measures.Based on the two time periods from July 2022 to August 2022 and from November 2022 to December 2022,12 sample areas,120 sample lines and 240 sample points in the survey area were routi nely surveyed,supplemented by unmanned aerial vehicle remote sen sing technology and infrared camera method.The main results are as follows:1)A total of 68 species of birds and mammals belonging to 14 orders,27 families,50 genera were investigated.There are 46 sp ecies of birds belonging to 33 genera,18 families,9 orders;22 spe cies of mammals,17 genera,9 families,5 orders;2)A total of 9 species of national first-class protected animals were investigated,including 4 species of birds and 5 species of mammals,namely,the black-necked crane(Grus nigricollis),the golden eagle(Aquila chrysaetos),the vulture(Gypaetus barbatus),the falcon(Falco cherrugg),the snow leopard(Panthera uncia),the Tibetan antelope(Pantholops hodgsonii),the Tibetan argali(Ovis hodgsoni),the wild yak(Bos mutus),the Tibetan wild donkey(Equus kiang);There are 17 species of national second-class protected animals,including 7 species of birds and 10 species of mammals;There are 23 species of terrestrial wildlife that are beneficial to the state protection or have important economic and scientific research value,namely,"three animals",including 16 species of birds and 7 species of mammals;3)The resident birds and migratory birds are the main types of bird residence.Traveling birds are occasionally seen.There are 10 distribution types of birds,mainly highland type,Palaearctic type and distribution types that are not easy to classify;There are 6 distribution types of mammals,mainly highland type and all-northern type;4)In the area with an altitude of 4500-5000 m,the largest number of species were investigated,including 28 species,including 22 species of birds and 6 species of mammals;In the alpine meadow habitat,48 species were the most investigated,including 34 species of birds and 14 species of mammals;5)According to the calculation of the "Shannon Weiner index" in various areas,the interspecific uncertainty of Coceqiangma Township in Shuanghu County is higher than that of the other three townships,and the interspecific uncertainty of Ejiu Township in Nima County is the lowest;6)According to the density calculation,the dominant species of birds in the survey area are Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax,Tadorna ferruginea,Corvus macrohynchos,Anser indicus and Pyrgilauda ruficollis;The dominant species of mammals are Ochotona curzoniae,Tibetan antelope,Tibetan wild donkey,Himalayan marmota himalayana and Procapara picticaudata;7)According to the results of infrared camera survey,the peak period of bird activity is 6-8 a.m.,and the peak period of mammalian activity is 14-16 p.m;8)About 40000 Tibetan antelopes have been investigated in a large group in Rongma Township,Nima County,which is probably the largest Tibetan antelopes cluster recorded and announced.These findings in the thesis confirm that,on the one hand,the ecological resettlement of local Tibetan herdsmen in the national natural preserve has greatly reduced the encounter rate of wild animals hence created an opportunity for their recruitment into the vacant area;on the other hand,that using infrared camera and unmanned aerial vehicle during the survey of animals can facilitate researchers to obtain more accurate data about the distribution of wild animals,particularly in the bare environments.