Bird Species Diversity In Sejira National Forest Park Of Tibet

The distribution pattern of species diversity and its influencing factors are important contents of conservation ecology and have great significance for biodiversity conservation.Serra National Forest Park is a priority area for biodiversity conservation in Nyingchi City.It is rich in bird species,but it lacks systematic resource survey and distribution pattern study.In order to systematically grasp the distribution of birds in the park,the variable distance line transmutation method was used to investigate the bird resources and diversity in Sejla National Forest Park in southeastern Xizang Province from 2016 to 2022.The main ecosystems in the study area were selected and the bird communities in 9 representative habitat types were analyzed and compared.The vertical distribution pattern of birds and the geographical distribution pattern of species richness in the study area were discussed.The energy hypothesis was verified by examining the relationship between environmental factors such as productivity,temperature,precipitation,evapotranspiration and bird species richness pattern,and the formation mechanism of bird species richness distribution pattern in Serra National Forest Park was discussed.A total of 235 species of birds were recorded in Serra National Forest Park,belonging to 19 orders,58 families and 141 genera,among which passerines accounted for 65.1 %.In terms of geographical distribution,Sejra National Forest Park is located in the transition zone of the Oriental boundary and the Palaearctic Boundary in the Tibetan Plateau.The avian fauna of the study area is mainly composed of Himalaya-Hengduan Mountain area type.Among the 235 bird species recorded,8 were endemic to China;37 species of birds under state key protection;There are 126 kinds of land wild animals under state protection that are beneficial,of important scientific value and of important economic value,accounting for 53.6% of the total number of birds in the park;Twenty-one bird species are listed under the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora;According to China’s Red List of species,there are 32 threatened(endangered,vulnerable and near threatened)species,accounting for 13.6 percent of the park’s bird population.Among the 9representative habitats,bird richness in descending order was coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest,shrub,evergreen dark coniferous forest,river lake wetland,broad-leaved forest,grassland,stream,farmland and cliff.The bird species richness in Serra National Forest Park was in the mid-peak mode,and the bird species richness reached its maximum at 2600 m above sea level,with 78 species.On the whole,bird species are most abundant at altitudes between 2000 and 3900 m,and more than 60 species are found at altitudes between 2300 and 3400 m.In addition,bird species richness in the eastern slope of Serra National Forest Park was significantly correlated with altitude,longitude,latitude and potential evapotranspiration of average annual temperature,but not with average annual humidity,precipitation and primary productivity.According to the results of multiple regression,average annual temperature was the best predictor of bird species richness in the eastern slope of Serra National Forest Park,which could predict 87.6% of the variation.The G-F index was used to evaluate the species diversity.The F index,G index and G-F index of birds in Sejra National Forest Park were 30.304,4.699 and 0.845,indicating that the bird species diversity in the park was at a high level,especially at the level of family.In addition,the overall Shannon-wiener index of Serra National Forest Park was 3.487,and there were significant differences in bird species richness and diversity at different elevations in Serra National Forest Park,and the Shannon-wiener index reached a maximum of2.994 between 2300 m and 2400 m.Shannon-wiener index decreased with the increase of altitude in high altitude area above 2600 m.The Shannon-wiener index reaches the minimum value of 2.542 at the high altitude of 3400m～3500m.Studies have shown that Sejla National Forest Park in Nyingchi City,Tibet Autonomous Region,is rich in bird species and an important habitat for many species of birds.This study provides basic data and theoretical scientific basis for the conservation of bird diversity in Sejla National Forest Park,Nyingchi City,Tibet Autonomous Region,and provides data basis for subsequent investigation.