| This project was sponsed by Jiangsu Ocean Science and Technology Innovation Project(No.HY2017-7)---a research on the basis and application of medicinal biological resources of marine Ulva prolifera and Sargassum.In order to promote the development and utilization of Ulva prolifera resources,the research evaluates the quality of Ulva prolifera in different sea areas,and studies the dietary fiber components to develop deep processing preparations with defecation function.Previous studies have found that Ulva prolifera,which mainly contains dietary fiber,water-soluble polysaccharides,protein,fatty acids and mineral elements,has the functions of defecation,anti-hypoglycemia,anti-hypolipidemia and enhancing immunity.However,the content of various functional constituents in Ulva prolifera from Zhejiang,Jiangsu and Shandong sea areas are quite different,and the quality of raw materials is different.Therefore,we evaluate the quality of Ulva prolifera in different sea areas firstly,selects dietary fiber which has the high content and good activity as the research object.According to the strength of laxative activity,choose the raw material of Ulva prolifera,and guide the optimization of the preparation process of the dietary fiber.Based on the above research,we studied the formulation molding and quality standards,in order to provide a theoretical basis for the development of high-value functional products of Ulva prolifera.Following parts were mainly included:1.Literature studyReferring to the literatures about Ulva prolifera and dietary fiber,the chemical constituents,pharmacological activities and resource utilization of Ulva prolifera were summarized,and the extraction methods of dietary fiber components were summarized to provide ideas for the subsequent development of Ulva prolifera products.2.Quality evaluation of Ulva prolifera raw materials in different sea areasInitially,studing on the processing methods of Ulva prolifera,the result has showed that washing with fresh water effected on the functional constituents barely,but reduced the content of salt and sediment significantly.The method of processing Ulva prolifera was determined as follows:washed the Ulva prolifera 4 times with 30 times of water each time,dryed at 50℃ for 6 hours,took out until the texture is crisp and stored in a desiccator.Secondly,the contents of efficacy components and harmful components in Ulva prolifera from Fuzhou,Ningbo,Nantong,Yancheng and Qingdao were determined by conventional physical and chemical methods,the quality of Ulva prolifera in different sea areas was evaluated by comparing the differences of various components with SPSS.The results showed that the contents of functional and harmful components in Ulva prolifera were significantly different in different sea areas.Among them,the contents of total dietary fiber,water-soluble dietary fiber,water-soluble polysaccharide and flavor amino acid of Ulva prolifera in Qingdao were the highest,which were 49.33%,22.03%,16.92%and 9.05%,respectively;The crude protein content of Ulva prolifera in Yancheng was the highest(38.70%).The amino acid composition of Ulva prolifera in Nantong is closest to the ideal protein pattern,and the content of iron is the highest which reaches 4,496.41 mg/kg,but the content of insoluble ash in Nantong is the highest which reaches 5.66%.Compared with other sea areas,the contents of arsenic,lead,cadmium,chromium,copper and mercury in Ulva prolifera from Qingdao are relatively low.The results of cluster analysis showed that the collection time also had a significant effect on the quality of Ulva prolifera raw materials.3.Study on the defecation function of dietary fiber in Ulva proliferaThe water absorption capacity in vitro of total dietary fiber(TDF)of Ulva prolifera in different sea areas was compared with swelling capacity and water holding capacity.The results showed that the water absorption capacity of TDF in different sea areas was significantly different,and the sequence of water absorption capacity was:Qingdao>Yancheng>Ningbo>Nantong>Fuzhou.The gastrointestinal peristalsis inhibition model was established with atropine to study the defecation capacity of Ulva prolifera TDF in different sea areas.The results showed that TDF of Ulva proliferain in all sea areas could significantly improve the first black stool time,the quality of black stool for 6 hours,the quantity of black stool for 6 hours,the moisture content of black stool,gastric emptying and small intestinal propulsion of the model mice at the dose of 4.3 g/kg/d.Among them,TDF of Ulva prolifera in Yancheng and Qingdao had the best defecation effect,and there was no significant difference between them,but there was significant difference with Ulva prolifera in Fuzhou,Ningbo and Nantong.Therefore,Yancheng and Qingdao Ulva prolifera were selected for further study.Taking Yancheng and Qingdao Ulva prolifera as the objecte,stablishing a constipation mouse model with compound diphenoxylate to study the defecation ability of different types of dietary fiber in Ulva prolifera.The results showed that TDF,IDF and SDF of Yancheng and Q ingdao Ulva pro lifera could improve the defecation function and intestinal motility of constipated mice at the dose(4.3 g/kg/d).The sequence of the defecation ability was TDF>IDF>SDF,and there was significant difference among them.There was no significant difference in the defecation function of the same dietary fiber between Yancheng and Qingdao Ulva prolifera.TDF has the best defecation ability and high yield.Therefore,the preparation process of Ulva prolifera TDF should be optimized for the development of products with defecation function.Considering that the resource of Ulva prolifera in Qingdao is much larger than that in Yancheng,and the TDF content in Ulva prolifera in Qingdao is much higher than that in Yancheng,Ulva prolifera in Qingdao is selected as raw material,and the research on the dietary fiber is carried out.4.Study on Optimization of preparation technology and defecation function of total dietary fiber intermediate of Ulva proliferaTaking Ulva prolifera in Qingdao as raw material,TDF crude yield,swelling capacity and water holding capacity as indicators,the preparation process of TDF was designed based on the original process of TDF in national standard.The preparation process of Ulva prolifera TDF was optimized by single factor and orthogonal experiment.A preferred new process is:soaked the canola in 30 times of 95%ethanol overnight,and dryed it at 40℃ to get decolorized Ulva prolifera.Took decolorized Ulva prolifera,added 40 times distilled water,extracted at 95℃ for 35 min,cooled and adjusted to pH 7.5,added complex protease at 1500 U/g,enzymatic hydrolysis at 55℃ for 1 h,The enzymatic hydrolysate was precipitated by 95%ethanol with 4 times volume,filtered,dried overnight at 105℃,and pulverized to obtain a TDF intermediate.The crude yield of Ulva prolifera TDF intermediates was 71.04%,the swelling capacity was 17.94 mL/g,and the water holding capacity was 13.68 g/g.The process is scientific,stable and simpler than the original process,with enzymatic hydrolysis one time,which reduces the production cost and more conducive to large-scale industrial production.Constipation mice model was established with compound diphenoxylate to verify the defecation function of TDF intermediates prepared by the new process.The results showed that Ulva prolifera TDF had good defecation effect.When the dosage of TDF was 2.15 g/kg,the first black stool time of constipated mice could be significantly shortened,the number,quality and water content of black stool for 6 hours could be increased,and the effective dose of TDF for adults could be converted to 0.215 g/kg.5.Formulation and quality standard researchAccording to the characteristics of dietary fiber and the types of dietary fiber products on the market,solid beverage was chosen as the target formulation.Taking the uniformity and taste of the preparation as the index,the size of TDF crushing,the proportion of impulse and the dosage of flavor correction agent were investigated.Finally,the formulation was determined as follows:935.5 g the new process of Ulva prolifera TDF intermediates were mixed evenly with 3.7 g aspartame,56.1 g citric acid and 4.7 g Kiwi flavor to be made into a total of 1000g of Ulva prolifera dietary fiber solid beverage.To study the quality standard of intermediates and preparations of Ulva prolifera dietary fiber solid beverage,the content of dietary fiber was determined by GB 5009.88-2014 Food Standard Determination of Dietary Fiber,and examining it with the physical and chemical requirements and technical requirements of solid beverage.Finally,we worked out quality standard draft on "Ulva prolifera dietary fiber solid beverage". |
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