| Oil spills and industrial oil spills have caused serious pollution to the environment and a huge waste of resources.Therefore,the effective separation of oil/water mixtures,especially stabilizing oil-water emulsions,has attracted widespread attention.Three-dimensional porous materials,especially commercial sponges,embrace good performance in industrial oily wastewater treatment due to their low price and excellent performance,which have been widely used in the preparation of oil/water separation materials.Nevertheless,commercial sponges,absorbing both oil and water,cannot be directly used for oil-water separation,and thus need to be modified.Recently,click reaction has been applied in sponge hydrophobic modification due to the fast speed,mild conditions,and high efficiency.The modification is mainly conducted on the sponge surface through mercapto-olefin click reaction,grafting hydrophobic components,to achieve a change in surface composition.But the roughness of the modified sponge surface is low,mostly existing as corrugated folds,which is not conducive to obtaining superhydrophobic performance.Furthermore,the use of dispersed click polymerization can prepare a variety of functional particles,such as direct in situ click polymerization on the sponge surface,grafting hydrophobic particles,which can make the sponge quickly and easily obtain superhydrophobic properties and for efficient separation of oil-water mixtures,however,there are few relevant research reports.In this paper,the sponge surface was grafted with hydrophobic oleophilic particles via in situ click dispersion polymerization.Then,the particle composition and modification factors,affecting surface composition and morphology,were studied to regulate and obtain a superhydrophobic sponge and explored its application in oil-water and emulsion separation.The introduction of particles significantly increases surface roughness,meanwhile,the presence of long-chain alkanes reduces surface energy.The contents are as follows:1.Preparation and performance of thiol-epoxy two-component raspberry polymer particles:Two polyfunctional monomers,named inositol hexa(mercaptopropionate)(DPMP)and 4,4-diaminodiphenylmethane tetrapeptide glycidyl amine(TGMDA),were selected and prepared by one-step dispersion polymerization method;the effects of solvent species,monomer concentration and other factors on the morphology and particle size of raspberry particles were investigated;the causes of raspberry morphology were explored;raspberry-like particles with uniform and adjustable size and rough surface were obtained.It provides an efficient and feasible method for the preparation of raspberry-like particles.2.Preparation and performance of mercapto-isocyanate-octadecanamine three-component hydrophobic oil-absorbing particles:Pentaerythritol tetra-3-mercaptopropionate(PETMP),1,3,3-trimethyl-5-isocyanate-1-isocyanate(yl)methylcyclohexane(IPDI)and octadecane(ODA)monomers were selected,and the three-component mercapto-isocyanate-amine three-component oil-absorbing water-absorbing particles were prepared in one pot;the effects of monomer concentration,ODA dosage and other factors on particle morphology,size,and absorption ability were investigated;then,the hydrophobic oil-absorbing particles with adjustable size and rough surface were obtained.3.Study on the water-thinning oleophilic particles and hydrophobic oil absorption properties of the sponge surface grafting:The sponge surface was grafted with hydrophobic oleophilic particles via in situ click dispersion polymerization,and the hydrophobic sponge with a surface water contact angle of up to 151° was obtained.Then,the hydrophobic oil absorption performance was studied in detail.The obtained sponge has the highest adsorption rate of dichloromethane,up to 121 g/g.After circulating adsorption 20 times,90% of the initial oil absorption rate can still be achieved,which can not only adsorb oil on the surface of the water and underwater oil,but also has a certain separation and adsorption effect on the oil-water emulsion,with the separation efficiency being 82.76%.These results showed that the modified sponge has the dual function of separating layered oil water and absorbing oil droplets in oil/water emulsion. |
