| The black soldier flies,the scientific name of the black soldier flies with bright spots and flat horns,can be as famous as the fly maggots,mealworms and other resource-based insects.They have high oil and protein content in their bodies,and have great research potential.Therefore,this paper preliminarily studied the effect of the process parameters of the extraction of Black soldier fly larvae oil on the oil extraction rate using the microwave-ultrasonic synergistic extraction technology,and then optimized the degumming,deacidification and decolorization of the crude oil of the black soldier flies.Then,the characteristics of the refined oil at each stage were analyzed,hoping to provide a theoretical basis for the deep processing of black soldier fly oil.The research results are as follows:Four different oil extraction methods were used to extract black soldier fly oil,and the combined yield of these four extraction processes was compared and analyzed,and microwave-ultrasonic assisted extraction was the best way to extract black soldier fly oil.The four oil extraction methods were comprehensively compared to the extraction rate of black soldier fly oil,and the four methods of black soldier fly oil extraction were comprehensively compared and analyzed.Finally,the microwave-ultrasonic assisted extraction method was obtained.the best way.The oil of black soldier flies was extracted by microwave-ultrasonic synergistic extraction method,and the influence of various experimental factors on the oil extraction efficiency was investigated.The time was 25 min,the solid-liquid ratio was 1:20（m L/g）,and the ultrasonic power was 150 W.Under these conditions,the oil yield of the black soldier fly larvae was 41.43%.The significance of the orthogonal test factors was analyzed.It shows that the solid-liquid ratio and extraction time have a significant effect on the test results.The calorific value,elemental composition,thermal stability and functional group composition of the extracted oils and fats were analyzed under different process conditions,and the results showed that the black soldier fly oils and fats have high calorific value and potential to develop liquid fuels,and the oils and fats contain hydrocarbons,esters,olefins and aromatic functional groups,which proved the existence of triglycerides in the oils and fats.The maximum weight loss was up to98.65%,and the different process conditions did not have significant effects on the calorific value,elemental composition,functional groups and thermal stability of black soldier fly oil.The acid value,saponification value,iodine value and peroxide value of the black soldier fly oil extracted under the optimal conditions were determined as 9.04mg KOH/g,140.10 mg KOH/g,95.74 g I2/100g and 9.20 mmol/kg,respectively.the fatty acid composition of the black soldier fly oil was lauric acid（14.92%）,palmitic acid（11.6%）,oleic acid（16.66%）and linoleic acid（19.03%）.Based on the single-factor test results of degumming,orthogonal optimization test analysis was conducted to investigate the optimal process parameters,and the results showed that the optimal conditions were:3%water addition,30 min reaction time,and 80℃reaction temperature,under which the degumming rate of the oil was84.61%,and the color and odor of the oil were significantly improved.The analysis of variance showed that the degumming time and the amount of water had a significant effect on the test results,while the degumming temperature had no significant effect on the test results.By setting the single-factor variables as deacidification time,deacidification temperature and super alkali amount,and combining with orthogonal optimization analysis,the research results showed that the optimal conditions for black soldier fly alkali refining and deacidification process technology were:reaction time of 50 min,super alkali amount of 0.4%,reaction temperature of 70℃,and the deacidification rate of 89.32%under this process condition,at which The oil transparency was good and the quality of oil was improved significantly.Analysis of variance shows that the reaction time has a significant effect on the deacidification effect,while the excess alkali content and reaction temperature have no significant effect on the deacidification effect.The decolorization performance of four decolorizing agents was compared and the activated white clay was finally selected as the decolorizing agent for this experiment.the test was designed to optimize the decolorization process of black soldier fly oil（decolorant additive,reaction temperature,reaction time）,and finally the best process for decolorization of black soldier fly oil was obtained:decolorant dosage of 4%,reaction temperature of 70℃,reaction time of 40 min,and the best decolorization rate of 72.34%.The results of variance analysis showed that the amount of activated clay had a significant effect on the decolorization rate of Heishui horsefly oil,while the decolorization temperature and decolorization time of Black soldier fly larvae had no significant effect on the oil decolorization effect.After comparing the color,transparency,taste and odor of black soldier fly oil before and after refining,the test results showed that The acid value of the oil decreased by 89.27%,the peroxide value also decreased by 84.24%,and the water content in the oil also decreased significantly,by 79.17%.the color of black soldier fly oil became light yellow after refining,and there was no obvious irritating odor,and it was more clear and transparent,which was more easily accepted by people.Through the oxidation stability analysis of the oil before and after refining by black soldier fly,it was found that the refining effect obviously improved the quality of the oil,but also accelerated the rate of oil rancidity.The combustion characteristics and oxidation stability of the black soldier fly oil before and after refining were analyzed,and the comprehensive combustion index was calculated as follows:the comprehensive combustion index of crude oil,degummed oil,deacidified oil and decolorized oil is 1.10×10-6/K-3·min-2,1.48×10-6/K-3·min-2,1.40×10-6/K-3·min-2,1.49×10-6/K-3·min-2,thus you can It can be seen that the refining process significantly improves the combustion performance of the grease.The peroxide value of the decolorized oil was lower than that of the crude oil20 days before the strong oxidation,but the oxidation rate of the crude oil was lower than that of the decolorized oil. |
