Warwick Fox’s Research On The Development Of Arne Ness’s Deep Ecology

Since the outbreak of the Industrial Revolution,human beings have carried out a large-scale transformation of the world with the great progress of productivity and science and technology.This transformation has brought huge benefits to human beings,but also caused a series of environmental problems.In order to deal with the environmental crisis,many Scholars began to rethink the relationship between man and nature and put forward various theories.Ness’s deep ecology is one of them,and Fox is one of the important representatives of the deep ecology school.There are many scholars and rich achievements.Comparatively speaking,there are few researches on Fox,foreign related research is not abundant,and domestic research is even rarer.A comprehensive and systematic research on Fox’s thought can make up for the deficiency of this research field.This paper adopts the methods of literature research and dialectical thinking to comprehensively and systematically interpret and study the thoughts of Ness and Fox.It is mainly divided into three parts.The first part introduces the theoretical origin and main content of Ness’s deep ecology thought.Ness’s deep ecology advocates an ecologically oriented form of self-development,which he calls "self-realization".In his view,the entire Ecosystems are an interconnected whole,and human beings are only a part of this whole.Through the process of identification,the "self" is continuously expanded and deepened to finally reach the "ecological self" that agrees with everything,so as to regard itself and the whole earth environment as As a whole,harming the environment is harming oneself.The second part introduces some of Fox’s unique insights into deep ecology.He points out that Ness calls his own thinking deep ecology and it is opposed to shallow ecology,which is inherently arrogant.Second,the term deep ecology does not Unable to fully and correctly express Ness’ thought,he proposed to replace it with ecology beyond the individual.Finally,Fox believes that deep ecology has encountered a bottleneck in theory,that is,the idea of ecological holism and the principle of equality it advocates have led to its unlawful resolution of different types of value conflicts in the real world.The third part expounds Fox’s transformation from deep ecology to General ethics.First,General ethics covers different fields such as interpersonal ethics,natural environment ethics and built environment ethics;secondly,he converts his General ethics into The method is called responsive cohesion theory.The relational nature of responsive cohesion is the most basic value and can provide a basis for other values.It also makes a specific distinction between different responsive cohesion.Contextual responsive cohesion takes precedence over internal responsive cohesion.and the field of biophysics under Contextual responsive cohesion takes precedence over the field of mindsharing and composite matter;finally,Fox compares the differences between mindsharers and iso-experients,and elaborates that human beings have different obligations to different creatures.Fox attempts to provide a reasonable explanation for some current ethical issues through his theory of responsive cohesion,and elaborates that his ethics not only focuses on a wider scope than other ethics,but also can reasonably address real-world values Conflict issues,so he can call his ethics a General ethics.