| Wine as a nutritious low-alcohol beverage,long-term moderate drinking,can prevent and treat cardiovascular and other diseases.In recent years,the demand for wine has increased,making the authenticity of wine research become particularly important.The eastern foot of Helan Mountain in Ningxia is an important wine grape plantation in China and the center of wine producing areas in China.This paper analyzes the characteristics of overall carbon stable isotope ratio in wine,ethanol,glycerin,combined with the results of carbon stable isotopes fractionation characteristics,rainfall,temperature,variety of carbon stable isotope in wine,and the wine distribution characteristics,promote the wine authenticity research,provide theoretical basis and guidance for the geographical indication of wine industry development.The main study contents and the results are shown as follows:1.The overall carbon stable isotope ratio of grape and wine was determined by the EA-IRMS,and the ratio of ethanol and glycerol in wine by LC-IRMS.The correlation analysis found some correlation between grape and wine δ13C,and the correlation between grape and wine overall δ13C was the strongest,with a linear correlation coefficient of R=0.57.The results of variance analysis showed thatδ13C is significantly different in grape and wine in the eastern foot of Helan Mountain.The comparison found that due to the alcoholic fermentation of wine,the carbon stable isotope was fractionated,and the wine δ13C is more negative than the grape δ13C.2.EA-IRMS and LC-IRMS were used to determine the ratio of whole,ethanol and glycerol in the six eastern regions of Helan Mountain.The measured results were combined with three influencing factors of rainfall,temperature and variety,and found that rainfall is negatively correlated with δ13C in wine;temperature is positively correlated with δ13C in wine;δ13C in different wine,and the partial correlation analysis shows that the primary factor affecting δ13C in wine is temperature,followed by variety,and finally rainfall.3.The global Geographic Information System(ArcGIS)was used to analyze the whole,ethanol and glycerin δ13C in the eastern wine of Helan Mountain.The results of analysis of variance showed that δ13C in different regions of the same year is different,δ13C in different regions in each region was also significantly different,and δ13C in the eastern foot of Helan Mountain.The spatial distribution characteristics of carbon stable isotopes in each sub-producing area from 2013 to 2022.The overall δ13C shows the spatial distribution of high in the north and low in the south,while ethanol and glycerol δ13C both show the spatial distribution of the middle high and low sides,and Hongsibao producing area is obviously more negative than δ13C in other producing areas.The changing trend of time distribution characteristics of carbon stable isotope is the overall δ13C in Helan,Yinchuan and Qingtongxia,and the increasing trend of ethanol and glycerin δ13C in Shizuishan,Helan,Yinchuan and Qingtongxia,and Yongning and Hongsibao.The distribution of maxima and minima of δ13C in each region will vary somewhat between the years,but the overall distribution with the spatial distribution characteristics. |
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