Research On Environmental Monitoring Data Security Model Based On Alliance Blockchain

To curb the problem of environmental pollution,China has established a large number of online environmental monitoring systems.The existing environmental monitoring sys-tem adopts a hierarchical centralized management mode,and the monitoring data is stored in the regulatory departments at all levels,forming an isolated island of data.Moreover,there is a risk of unreliable transmission and data tampering at all levels of the system;reg-ulatory departments often use on-site verification for data supervision,which is inefficient and can not completely solve the problem.Blockchain technology has become one of the effective solutions to solve the above problems because of its decentralization,traceability,and untamperability.However,in practical application,with the increase in the number of monitoring nodes,Data needs to consume a lot of computing,communication,and storage overhead in packaging,consen-sus,encryption,and storage,while the data acquisition and transmission instrument,as the underlying blockchain node,mostly uses embedded systems,and the computing and stor-age capacity is limited.At the same time,data acquisition and transmission instruments are often installed in remote power plants,sewage treatment plants,and other places,us-ing wireless networking,often due to network signal instability caused by node drop or transmission delay.To meet the above challenges,this paper designs an environmental monitoring data security model based on the alliance chain,which realizes the secure sharing of monitoring data and effectively reduces the computing,communication,and storage overhead of block nodes.The main research contents and innovations of this paper are as follows:(1)Given the data island and the risk of data fraud in the environmental monitoring system,this paper designs the architecture of the environmental monitoring system based on alliance chain to realize the safe sharing of monitoring data.Once the data is linked,it can not be tampered with.Ensure the authenticity and security of the monitoring data.(2)Aiming at a large number of computing problems,communication overhead prob-lems,and possible network instability in the process of data consensus,a GSBFT consen-sus mechanism based on credit grouping supervision is designed.The GSBFT mechanism improves the consistency protocol of the original PBFT mechanism and simplifies the con-sensus process;introduces the credit value to grade the nodes and optimizes the process of selecting the master node in the PBFT mechanism;adopts the grouping supervision strategy,uses the PBFT mechanism within the group,and achieves the consensus between the groups through the Raft mechanism to improve the communication consumption in the consensus process of the PBFT mechanism;adds the node dynamic addition and deletion strategy to improve the system scalability.Under the premise of keeping the original PBFT mecha-nism to tolerate the Byzantine nodes in the system and ensuring the consistency of message delivery,the GSBFT consensus mechanism ensures the stability of the system and avoids a lot of computing and communication overhead caused by data consensus.(3)Given the limited storage capacity and safe data storage of the environmental mon-itoring system,the storage pressure of the block node is reduced through the"cloud chain fusion"technology,that is,"index on the chain,storage under the chain".AES symmetric encryption combined with RSA asymmetric encryption algorithm is designed to encrypt the monitoring data through the AES algorithm to ensure efficient encryption and decryp-tion efficiency under the premise of low computational complexity.RSA algorithm is used to encrypt the symmetric key of the AES algorithm to make up for the possible security problems of the AES algorithm.Experimental analysis shows that compared with the PBFT mechanism,the GSBFT mechanism shows lower computing overhead and consensus delay,and the communication complexity is reduced from O(n~2)to O(s)+O(g~2),which improves the consensus effi-ciency of the system.The daily storage capacity of the environmental monitoring system using"cloud chain fusion"technology is significantly reduced and shows better stability.Under the current hardware conditions,the time consumption of the encryption algorithm is also within an acceptable range.