Research On Dynamic Zoning Of German Land National Parks

The zoning method is the embodiment of planning needs to integrate problems,goals and management needs.Theoretical research and practical exploration on zoning is underway along with the construction process of China’s protected area system with national parks as the mainstay.However,some problems have emerged during the pilot phase of China’s national parks,including the lack of control classification in some pilot national parks,the inconsistent number of zoning districts in different national parks,and the substantial differences in the functional zoning in different national parks.And there is still a gap in the specification of zoning methods for nature parks,which is belonged to general control areas.The current "control-function" zoning method still needs to be optimized in terms of improving zoning type,procedural planning,dealing with differences in natural conditions of different conservation areas,and responding to changes in management conditions.In the field of international nature conservation,dynamic tools have begun to be gradually emphasized in the face of the differences,changes and uncertainties of protected areas in time and space.Germany has proposed a unique dynamic zoning method in the face of the long history of land disturbance in national parks and the reality of human-land relationship,which is of inspirational value for the construction of national parks and nature parks in the eastern region of China,which has similar human-land relationship with Germany.The paper firstly analyzes the background of the establishment of German national parks by using literature survey method.On this basis,the technical methods of dynamic zoning are summarized by analyzing national park plans,annual reports and zoning plans of the nine land national parks in Germany with the method of content induction,comparative analysis and quantitative analysis.These analyses lead to the background characteristics of the establishment of German national parks,the technical method and the management framework of dynamic zoning.Then,five national parks are selected according to the time of establishment and the completion of zoning transformation for the practical operation analysis of zoning transformation.The transformation planning,transformation criteria,transformation process and spatial morphological characteristics change characteristics of each national park are summarized and compared.In the discussion,the paper summarizes the advantages of the dynamic zoning method,including "flexibility"-flexible regulations on national park access,"operability"-different national parks determine specific management priorities and zoning transformation rates according to their own conditions,"developmental"-emphasizing the rewilding of national park ecosystems,and "coherence"-ensuring the continuity of management measures.Based on the analysis of commonalities and differences between national park construction in China and Germany,it is found that Germany’s dynamic zoning method that emphasizes its ecological restoration and developmental perspective on national park construction is instructive for the construction of national parks and nature parks in the eastern region of China.Specifically,it includes strengthening the flexibility of handling the establishment and management planning of national parks in the eastern region;increasing the transformation planning of the functional zoning of national parks and natural parks combined with the study of changes in management conditions;improving the zoning management framework by clarifying the method of differences in management measures under different control zoning;and recommending the use and regulation of conservation planning methods and ecological restoration measures from the perspective of updating conservation management concepts.