| Under the background of economic globalization,China has actively integrated into the global value chain by virtue of its abundant production factors and low labor costs,and gradually grown into the world’s largest trading country.However,affected by shortcomings such as weak industrial foundation,lack of core product technology,and lack of funds for enterprise development,China still has problems such as "lowend locking" and "big but not strong".Under the influence of GDP tournament thinking,China’s extensive and rapid economic growth has been accompanied by serious environmental damage and economic inefficiency.In response to the problem of environmental pollution,China has implemented a series of policies to limit the pollution emissions of enterprises.The implementation of environmental regulatory policies increases the environmental pressure on enterprises’ production activities,but according to the "Porter hypothesis",appropriate environmental regulatory policies can force enterprises to carry out innovative activities,thereby obtaining "compensatory benefits" that exceed environmental protection costs,thereby promoting the complexity of export technology and enhancing international competitiveness.While China continues to integrate into the global value chain,domestic industrial agglomeration has also started rapidly.The emergence of a large number of industrial parks has promoted the economic development of the region,and at the same time,the negative externalities caused by excessive agglomeration will also inhibit the development of enterprises.According to the "pollution shelter" hypothesis,strict environmental regulations are easy to crowd out pollution-intensive industry enterprises and then affect the degree of regional industrial agglomeration.There is a strong link between environmental regulation,industrial agglomeration and export technology complexity.In view of this,starting from the "Porter Hypothesis" and "Pollution Haven Hypothesis" of environmental regulation,this paper systematically studies the relationship between environmental regulation and export technology complexity and industrial agglomeration from a theoretical and empirical perspective,and further explores the indirect effects of it.Firstly,this paper sorts out the relevant literature and theories of environmental regulation,industrial agglomeration and export technology complexity,and constructs a theoretical analysis framework for environmental regulation,industrial agglomeration and export technology complexity based on this.Secondly,based on the panel data of 186 cities from 2003 to 2015,this paper empirically examines the impact of environmental regulation and industrial agglomeration on the complexity of export technology.The results show that:(1)The impact of environmental regulation on the complexity of export technology shows a positive "U" curve of first suppressing and then promoting.When the degree of environmental regulation is low,the cost of environmental regulation of enterprises crowds out innovation funds,thereby inhibiting enterprise innovation and increasing the complexity of regional export technology complexity;With the improvement of environmental control,enterprises have improved their innovation capabilities and regional export technology complexity under external pressure and internal profit incentives,and verified the "Porter hypothesis" at the prefecture-level city level.(2)There is a positive "U"-shaped relationship between environmental regulation and industrial agglomeration,and in the short term,environmental regulation affects the production cost of enterprises,leading to enterprise transfer,which in turn inhibits industrial agglomeration,but long-term environmental quality improvement,under the influence of demand effect and innovation compensation effect,eventually promotes regional industrial agglomeration,and the "pollution shelter hypothesis" is not valid.(3)Industrial agglomeration has an intermediary transmission effect in the "U" shaped relationship between environmental regulation and export technology complexity,and the nonlinear influence of environmental regulation on industrial agglomeration indirectly leads to the "U" curve of export technology complexity,after subdividing industrial agglomeration into diversified agglomeration and specialized agglomeration,diversified agglomeration has a significant intermediary effect in the process of environmental regulation affecting the complexity of export technology,while specialized agglomeration is not significant.(4)The positive externalities of agglomeration economy and excessive agglomeration negative externalities in high-agglomeration areas will affect the "compensation effect" and "cost effect" of environmental regulation,and ultimately inhibit the increase of export technology complexity.Based on this,this paper puts forward the following policy recommendations: First,formulate reasonable environmental regulatory policies to achieve the win-win goal of environmental protection and enhancing the international competitiveness of export products;Second,actively create an innovative environment and give play to the effect of agglomeration and innovation;Third,optimize and adjust the industrial layout and improve the innovation protection mechanism;Fourth,adjust to local conditions and reasonably control the implementation of environmental regulation policies. |
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