Study On The Accounting Treatment Of Carbon Emission Rights Of Yongan Pharmaceutical

Environmental pollution and climate change have become serious challenges that all mankind needs to face together,and countries have taken measures one after another to cope with the adverse effects of global warming on social development.Carbon emissions trading has economically encouraged enterprises to reduce emissions and is a policy tool that can effectively reduce greenhouse gas emissions.The national carbon emission trading market has been online for a relatively short period of time and the construction is still immature.The effective operation of the carbon trading market needs a complete carbon emission accounting and processing system to support it.At present,China has not promulgated a unified accounting standard for carbon emission rights,and the accounting treatment of carbon emission rights of enterprises mainly refers to the Interim Provisions on Accounting Treatment Related to Carbon Emission Rights Trading issued by the Ministry of Finance in 2019,the principles and ways of accounting treatment in the Interim Provisions are relatively simple and cannot reasonably reflect the economic substance of carbon business,and there are still many contents that need to be supplemented and improved.Therefore,in order to promote the healthy development of the carbon emission trading market and better achieve the emission reduction target,it is necessary to establish more standardized and unified accounting treatment standards for carbon emission rights in order to improve the comparability of information among enterprises and the transparency of the trading market,and it is of great practical significance to study the accounting treatment of carbon emission rights of enterprises.Based on this background,this thesis selects Yongan Pharmaceutical,a company with a high degree of carbon information disclosure and an active carbon market,as a case study,analyzes the accounting treatment of its carbon emission rights,gives corresponding suggestions for the causes of the problem,and provides a reference for other enterprises’ carbon emission rights accounting treatment.The thesis summarizes domestic and foreign research on carbon emission rights accounting,reviews relevant theories,and establishes a theoretical foundation.Then,it examines the accounting treatment of carbon emission rights for the case company.Yongan Pharmaceutical is analyzed,and many problems in its accounting recognition,an accounting measurement,and accounting disclosure are found.Finally,integrating the actual situation in China and the results of the case study,suggestions are made in four aspects,including improving the market mechanism of carbon emission rights trading,perfecting the accounting system of carbon emission rights,vigorously cultivating the composite talents of carbon accounting,and implementing the carbon information disclosure mechanism combining compulsory and guidance.Among them,the reference suggestions for improving the accounting system of carbon emission rights include: in the accounting recognition and measurement of carbon emission rights,the purpose of holding carbon emission rights should be considered,and carbon emission rights held for production and self-use should be recognized as "intangible assets",while carbon emission rights held for trading in the market should be recognized as "trading financial assets"."When certain prerequisites are met,an enterprise is allowed to convert carbon emission rights held for self-use to carbon emission rights held for trading,but the conversion cannot be reversed;when the enterprise actually fulfills its emission reduction obligations,the carbon emission rights should be carried forward and charged to In terms of carbon emission rights disclosure,enterprises should disclose carbon information both on and off-balance sheet,and encourage enterprises to take the initiative to disclose more information through social responsibility reports and other special reports to form a systematic disclosure framework.The main research methods used in this thesis are the literature analysis method the and case study method.The innovations are reflected in the following: first,the accounting treatment of carbon emission rights is studied from the perspective of enterprises’ holding purposes.According to the different purposes of holding carbon emission rights,carbon emission rights are recognized as "intangible assets" and "trading financial assets",and different accounting treatment is proposed according to the type of assets.Secondly,the framework of in-balance-sheet disclosure has been constructed by adding carbon emission rights-related items to the traditional statement.At present,the disclosure of carbon information in China is mainly voluntary,and there is no consensus on the content and form of disclosure.At the same time,we encourage enterprises to take the initiative to disclose more information through social responsibility reports and other special reports to form a more systematic disclosure framework.China has not yet issued a complete carbon accounting standard,and a study on the accounting treatment of carbon emission rights can provide a reference for the development of appropriate recognition,measurement,and disclosure standards,and promote the promulgation of relevant accounting standards and the implementation of accounting regulations.On the other hand,Standardizing carbon emission rights accounting can enhance enterprise carbon accounting quality,facilitate financial information comparability,and promote China’s carbon emission trading market.