Research On Accounting Issues Of Carbon Emission Rights Trading

Many climate problems,such as global warming caused by greenhouse gas emissions,have brought serious challenges to the survival and development of human beings.Mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions have been the core of the world's policies to cope with climate change.Many countries,including China,have joined the three mechanisms of greenhouse gas emission reduction established in the Kyoto protocol.Carbon emission trading has been an efficient and flexible way to promote greenhouse gas emission reduction.After years of pilot work in China,the national carbon emission rights trading market has been launched in December 2017.As the scale of the transaction expands,the number of enterprises involved in carbon emissions trading is increasing.The influence of the financial situation and the management results on these enterprises gradually appears,and how to deal with it has become an unavoidable problem.Due to the particularity and complexity of carbon emission rights,the relevant accounting standards have not been issued yet.There is a lack of unified standards in accounting for enterprises,which seriously affect the comparability and relevance of accounting information.Research on accounting issues related to carbon emissions trading has certain practical and theoretical values and provides reference and theoretical support for the formulation of relevant standards in China.Firstly,this paper combs the related literature of carbon emission trading accounting and introduces the related theories of carbon emission trading accounting.Then this paper analyzes the main carbon emissions trading market and accounting status in Europe,the United States and China,and summarizes the three aspects problems in accounting recognition and measurement of carbon emissions trading.It also points out that the development of carbon emissions trading in China has gone through different stages.The particularity of China's carbon emission trading accounting is pointed out.On this basis,the proposals for accounting recognition and measurement,account setting and report design of carbon emissions trading are proposed.In the accounting recognition of carbon emissions trading,based on the criteria for accounting recognition of carbon emissions trading,carbon emission quotas and certified emission reductions should be identified as assets.At the same time,the company should identify the free allocation of carbon emissions quotas as assets and confirm carbon emissions as a new asset class.The enterprise should recognize the obligation of turning over carbon emissions quotas in the actual emissions of greenhouse gases as liabilities.Accounting recognition and measurement are inseparable in carbon emission trading.Based on the standard of measurement attribute selection and combining with cost-benefit analysis,this paper thinks that the fair value is the measurement attribute suitable for the current and future development trend of China's carbon emission trading market.Enterprises should set up two subjects of "carbon emission right" and "carbon emission liability".This paper explains the content of carbon emission trading accounting from seven aspects.Because of the particularity and complexity of carbon emission rights and their transactions.This paper argues that the enterprise should take the form shown within and outside the table of carbon emissions trading,to report relevant carbon emissions trading matters.