Stimulus-Responsive Electrochemical Sensors Based On Bismuth-Based Materials

Because of their advantages over other detection methods,such as green and cleanliness,low detection costs,and simple operation and detection equipment,electrochemical sensors with high sensitivity and particular selectivity have been the focus of research.The function of a sensor is generally recognized to be determined by the modification material on its electrode.Researchers are eager to develop different electrode modification materials to meet the increasingly complex detection needs and detection environments,and the flourishing development of nanomaterials is very effective in solving this challenge.Nanomaterials can be used as modification materials to obtain electrochemical sensors with various functions.Nanomaterials can be employed as modification materials to create electrochemical sensors that have a variety of functionalities.Carbon nanoparticles are the most representative nanomaterials because they have a large number of active sites and hence improve the conductivity of the sensor.Stimulus-responsive materials are those whose properties are influenced by changes in their surroundings.When a minor stimulus is applied,the stimulus-responsive material undergoes a dramatic change in either physical or chemical properties,or even structural changes,and electrochemical sensors with a stimulus response can be constructed by employing these materials as electrode modification materials.Bismuth-based optoelectronic materials,temperature-sensitive materials,and carbon nanomaterials were synthesized in this research to create sensors that respond to both optoelectronic and temperature stimuli for detecting purposes.The following are the specifics of the project.1.The photoelectric materials bismuth phosphate/bismuth chloride oxide and carbon triazide tetra were prepared and ultrasonically mixed to form a composite film modified on a glassy carbon electrode（GCE）to construct a light-controlled switch electrochemical sensor applied to the detection of dopamine.The linear range was0.05～0.9μM and 0.9μM～10μM,respectively,and the reversibility was good in the on/off light cycle detection.2.The electrochemical sensor for the detection of quercetin（Que）was established by combining the carbon-based graphene oxide with the optoelectronic materials stannous sulfide and bismuth molybdate,and the prepared complex film with photoelectric stimulation response was modified on a glassy carbon electrode.The detection limit of quercetin at the Sn S/Bi₂Mo O₆/GO modified electrode was 0.67 n M with a linear range of 1.5 n M～10μM.In addition,the sensor showed good results in terms of reversibility,stability and real sample detection.3.Carboxylated carbon nanotubes and the temperature-sensitive polymer P（NIPAM-co-MBA）were prepared and blended with the optoelectronic material BiPO₄/Bi OCl to produce a composite membrane with a temperature-stimulated response,which was used to modify a glassy carbon electrode to construct a temperature-controlled"switch"for the detection of catechol（CC）The P（NIPAM-co-MBA）/BiPO₄/Bi OCl/MWCNTs-COOH composite was used to construct a temperature-controlled"switch"electrochemical sensor for the detection of catechol（CC）.The glassy carbon electrode modified with the P（NIPAM-co-MBA）/BiPO₄/Bi OCl/MWCNTs-COOH composite showed good detection of catechol at high temperatures（45°C）and good reversibility in the temperature range of 10°C to45°C.