Preparation Of Acid-modified Red Mud And Degradation Of Amoxicillin To Produce Formic Acid

As a large industrial country,China’s pharmaceutical industry has a huge production capacity and a large base of greenhouse gases such as CO₂and CH₄,which seriously damages China’s ecology and human living environment.In order to reduce carbon emissions and maintain our homes for survival,the state has proposed a’double carbon’policy,formulated a strategic goal of’carbon peak and carbon neutrality’,and promoted the sustainable development of China’s industrial carbon reduction.Antibiotics,as complex and refractory persistent organic pollutants,have caused serious damage to ecosystems.In the"Proposal of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on the Formulation of the Fourteenth Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development and the Vision for the Year 2035"issued by China,antibiotic pollutants were included in the list of new pollutants.Pharmaceutical sludge is classified as hazardous solid waste in the General Principles for Hazardous Waste Identification Standards（GB 5085.7-2019）.Studies have shown that organic matter can be converted into clean energy instead of non-renewable energy under certain conditions,thereby reducing CO₂emissions.Formic acid is a safe,convenient and large hydrogen storage energy material.As a safe and efficient hydrogen carrier,formic acid can be decomposed into hydrogen at room temperature and pressure,which has great application prospects in the field of hydrogen energy.Therefore,this paper selects amoxicillin as a pharmaceutical sludge model compound.In the catalytic wet hydrogen peroxide oxidation system,the prepared acid-modified red mud was used for directional catalysis and efficient degradation.The yield of formic acid was increased by optimizing the experimental parameters such as reaction temperature,time,amount of acid-modified red mud and amount of hydrogen peroxide.A series of analytical methods were used to explore the phase composition and structure of red mud during the modification process.The kinetic model of formic acid formation was constructed,and the degradation of antibiotics and the pathway of formic acid formation were preliminarily explored.In the catalytic wet hydrogen peroxide oxidation reaction,the degradation of amoxicillin by acid-modified red mud to produce formic acid was studied.Under the optimal conditions of reaction temperature of 90°C,reaction time of 30 min,hydrogen peroxide concentration of 20 m L/L,acid-modified red mud addition amount of 0.8g/L,p H=7 and rotor speed of 500 rpm,the concentration of organic acid generated was up to 1243.38 mg/L,and the concentration of formic acid was 792.38 mg/L,accounting for 63.73%of the total organic acid concentration.The concentration of lactic acid was 337.15 mg/L,accounting for 27.12%of the total organic acid concentration.The concentration of acetic acid was 113.85 mg/L,accounting for9.16%of the total organic acid concentration,and the degradation rate of amoxicillin was 72.54%.The stability of acid-modified red mud was investigated by repeatedly using acid-modified red mud for catalytic degradation of antibiotics to produce organic acids.Acid-modified red mud can maintain certain catalytic performance after three times of use,but the stability of acid-modified red mud needs to be improved.