| Since the price of carbon sink trading is much lower than that of carbon quota,carbon sink trading has become the first choice for enterprises to achieve carbon neutrality goals.How enterprises offset their own carbon emissions through purchasing carbon sinks under the subsidies and rewards and punishments to achieve carbon neutrality and ensure their profits has become a research hotspot.Along with their carbon neutral efforts,changes in product quality caused by low-carbon technology and remanufacturing and the increase in price caused by the increase in product cost will also greatly affect consumers’ satisfaction.How to pursue economy,environment and satisfaction simultaneously has become the focus of enterprises.In addition,there are various risks both inside and outside the supply chain.On the one hand,the fairness concerns of affiliated enterprises caused by the recovery efforts and the unbalanced profit distribution in the supply chain will greatly affect their utility.On the other hand,the fluctuation of various factors in the supply chain will also bring great risks to the decision-making.Finally,power batteries,as the core of new energy applications,become an optimal path to achieve carbon neutralization.With the retiring of power batteries,randomly abandoned power batteries will lead to irreversible environmental pollution,which runs counter to the goal of carbon neutralization and carbon peak in our country.Therefore,it is particularly important to choose power batteries as the example study object of the closed-loop supply chain in the background of carbon neutralization.Therefore,referring to the existing literature and realistic scenarios,this paper establishes a closed-loop supply chain model dominated by a single manufacturer and affiliated to one retailer,in which the manufacturer needs to reserve carbon sinks to offset carbon emissions in the supply chain.Considering the complexity of the real situation and the psychological tendency of decision makers in the supply chain,this paper takes government subsidy,carbon neutral reward and punishment,and retailer’s fairness concern into consideration.First,Stackelberg game model is established to analyze whether there is a space for retailer’s fairness concern and the impact of retailer’s fairness concern on the supply chain.Then,three different contracts were used to coordinate supply chain utility,and the optimal coordination mode under different situations was obtained through numerical simulation analysis and comparison,and the multi-objective robust optimization model was established based on the optimal coordination mode.Finally,a multiobjective robust optimization model for B company’s power battery closed-loop supply chain was established to study the decision-making situation of the closed-loop supply chain under the condition of simultaneously pursuing economic benefits,environmental benefits and customer satisfaction.The management enlightenment for enterprises was provided through the example analysis and sensitivity analysis.Through model optimization and algorithm solving,the following results are obtained:(1)Both low government reward and punishment and high carbon sink price may hinder the realization of carbon neutrality.(2)As the comprehensive performance,the cost-revenue-sharing contract performs the best.(3)The fluctuation of the quality of remanufactured products will make manufacturers more inclined to give priority to the satisfaction goal to reduce market risks,while the disturbance of demand will prompt enterprises to adopt the strategy of small profits and quick sales.The fluctuation of recycling volume will help balance the income gap between manufacturers and retailers and increase the utility of enterprises.(4)In the case study,as the number of iterations increases,power battery manufacturers and vehicle brands under multiobjective robust optimization tend to pursue economic benefits and user satisfaction with smaller environmental benefits,leading to a decrease in the proportion of reproducts in the market.(5)Over-sensitive consumers will prompt the manufacturer and vehicle brands in the supply chain to turn to the high-end route and seek for enterprise survival space through the extreme pursuit of economic objective.The research can provide decision-making reference for enterprises to pursue resilience of the supply chain under carbon neutrality,and ensure their profits and customer satisfaction while realizing the goal of carbon neutrality. |
