Analysis Of Numerical Characteristics Of Wind Pressure On Container Ships Under Different Hatch Cover Forms

Researching wind loads on ships is one of the most critical factors in ensuring the safety of maritime navigation.Wind-induced collisions and groundings are all-too-common in actual maritime accidents.Container ships,in particular,are subject to varying wind loads as a result of different container stacking configurations on deck.Unfortunately,existing estimating formulas are inadequate for conducting reliable wind field characteristic analyses of container ships in non-full-load conditions.Moreover,conducting actual ship experiments and wind tunnel tests can be both complicated and costly.As a result,there has been more research on container ships with empty containers and deck-loaded containers,and relatively less research on how different wind directions affect container stacking configurations on the deck.This study aims to investigate the wind loads on container ships during navigation using computational fluid dynamics(CFD)technology and the FLUENT platform.To ensure accurate results,the mesh is optimized to obtain the minimum number of grids with the highest calculation accuracy.The Realizable k-ε turbulence model is selected as the optimal model after careful consideration,and the feasibility of the calculation method is confirmed by validating it against wind tunnel test data and actual wind field data collected by the TTU building.By analyzing the wind pressure coefficient of the container ship under various wind angles and comparing it with the results obtained from empirical wind pressure formulas,the experimental conditions used in this study are found to be consistent with the wind field characteristics of the ship.This study investigates the wind loads on container ships by examining various stacking configurations of containers on the deck under both normal and transverse(90°)wind.The wind pressure coefficients and drag coefficients are calculated,and their relationships with stacking forms are analyzed.By comparing the wind field characteristics of different stacking forms of containers on the deck and hull at wind angles ranging from 0° to 180°,differences in wind field characteristics are observed.Interestingly,the location of missing container bays has little effect on wind loads on the deck,but the number of missing bays does.Furthermore,it is found that the wind pressure coefficients and wind pressure moment coefficients are both proportional to the sine function of the wind angle under different stacking forms,while the wind pressure force coefficient and its corresponding curve form a saddle shape.The computational fluid dynamics technology and the FLUENT platform used in this study are verified to be feasible and reliable through wind tunnel test data and actual wind field data collected by the TTU building.In conclusion,the wind field characteristics of different stacking forms of containers on the deck are thoroughly analyzed.The peak values and ranges of various wind pressure characteristic coefficients are extracted and found to be related to the stacking forms on the deck through corresponding polynomial functions.Moreover,there is a phase difference of approximately 10° between the peak values and the number of container bays on the deck.These findings provide valuable insights into the design and operation of container ships,and can be used to optimize their safety and efficiency.