Study On Emergency Evacuation Strategy Of Underground Shopping Mall During Fire Emergency

At present,the proportion of underground shopping malls in urban construction is more and more large.However,due to the imperfection of relevant laws and regulations in the governance of underground space in China,some businesses in the underground commercial space are equipped with imperfect equipment for emergency fire control in order to cope with the safety inspection of relevant departments.The fire resistance rating of the decoration materials used is insufficient,and the circuit and wire are aging.Disorderly connection of power lines and other phenomena occur frequently.The direct result of these phenomena will lead to the occurrence of fire,which is currently the most frequent disaster in underground shopping malls,as well as the most severe disaster.Emergency evacuation strategy is one of the main methods to deal with the sudden fire in underground shopping malls.In order to solve the emergency evacuation problem of underground shopping malls in the period of emergency,this paper studies the emergency evacuation strategy by using the principle of system dynamics.First,this paper divides the complex emergency evacuation process system into four subsystems which are interrelated and exist at the same time,namely,emergency evacuation mobilization,evacuation command and guidance,evacuation action and evacuation rescue subsystem,and studies each subsystem separately.According to the difficulties of each subsystem operation,on this basis,search for the influencing factors in the operation process of this subsystem.The influencing factors of each system are divided into key factors and non key factors by entropy weight method,which lays the foundation for the establishment of each subsystem in the following paper.Secondly,the causality of all the key factors in the four emergency evacuation subsystems is analyzed,and the causality diagram of the four subsystems is drawn by Vensim system dynamics software to find out the circulation loop of each subsystem.On this basis,the SD model of emergency evacuation mobilization,the SD model of emergency evacuation command and guidance,the SD model of emergency evacuation action and the SD model of emergency evacuation rescue are established,The simulation of each SD model is carried out to find out the influencing factors of each subsystem which have obvious effect on emergency evacuation,and the corresponding strategies are proposed according to the simulation results.Then,on the basis of four emergency evacuation subsystems,the whole emergency evacuation system of underground shopping mall under fire emergency is studied.According to the simulation results of the four subsystems,the causality diagram of the whole emergency evacuation system and the SD model of personnel emergency evacuation are drawn,and the simulation experiment is carried out through the actual case.The simulation results show that the effect of emergency evacuation mobilization,the number of command guide and rescue personnel have obvious influence on the evacuation effect in the early stage of the whole emergency evacuation process.Finally,based on the simulation of the four emergency evacuation subsystems and the complete emergency evacuation system,the corresponding emergency evacuation strategy is proposed,hoping to provide a useful theoretical method for the emergency evacuation in the future underground shopping malls.