Research On The Spatial Morphological Characteristics Of Traditional Villages In Chongqing And The Construction Of Ecological Security Pattern Of Rural Settlement

China has a vast land area,and traditional villages make an important contribution to the inheritance of national spirit and the continuation of farming civilization.This paper focuses on the spatial morphological characteristics of traditional villages in Chongqing,their influencing factors and the construction of ecological security patterns in the southeast of Chongqing.Based on the data of 110 national traditional villages in Chongqing,the spatial distribution characteristics of traditional villages are analysed using Arc GIS technology and geospatial measurement methods,and the influence of different influencing factors on the spatial distribution of traditional villages is explored in both natural and human dimensions.In addition,this paper also adopts two comprehensive evaluation systems of ecosystem service importance and ecological sensitivity to conduct a comprehensive ecological security evaluation of the ecosystems in southeast Chongqing according to the ecological environment condition of the southeast Chongqing area,and constructs an ecological security pattern of the southeast Chongqing area using the minimum cumulative resistance model.In order to provide scientific guidance for the sustainable development of Chinese traditional villages and the protection of ecological security of ethnic rural settlements.Through the research of this paper,the following conclusions are drawn:（1）The spatial distribution of traditional villages in Chongqing city tends to be cohesive and unevenly distributed,mainly concentrated in Pengshui County,Shizhu County,Youyang County,Xiushan County,Wulong District and Qianjiang District,accounting for 70.91%of the total number of traditional villages in Chongqing.The actual mean proximity distance is（?）₁=12.51 km,the mean proximity distance is（?）_E=18.79 km.the proximity ratio R=0.66>1,the geospatial imbalance index S=0.79,the geographic concentration index G=37.59,and the spatial Gini coefficient G=0.617.Traditional villages in Chongqing The spatial distribution is mainly influenced by natural topography,social economy,history and culture and documentary policies.（2）The comprehensive assessment level of ecosystem services in southeast Chongqing is divided into five zones（area）,high importance zone（2378.9 km²）,higher importance zone（7140.72 km²）,general importance zone（5080 km²）,lower importance zone（3708.2 km²）and low importance zone（818.68 km²）;the five zones of the comprehensive assessment of ecosystem sensitivity（area）are high sensitive area（1821.44km²）,higher sensitive area（3873.79 km²）,generally sensitive area（5397.88 km²）,lower sensitive area（4827.43 km²）and low sensitive area（3206 km²）;13 ecological source areas of more than 20 km² are identified,and 78 ecological corridors,with a total length of4832.82 km.Among them,32 are important ecological corridors,with a length of about1544.53 km,and 46 are potential ecological corridors,with a length of about 3288.29 km;based on eight resistance factors,a minimum accumulation model is constructed,and finally an ecological safety pattern optimization scheme of"one screen,one belt and three cores"is proposed.