| At the Central Finance and Economics Commission’s ninth meeting,President Xi Jinping stressed the importance of implementing renewable energy substitution and developing a new power system with new energy as its primary source in order to accomplish the "double carbon" objective.However,the output of new energy is characterized by intermittency,uncertainty and volatility.The amount of dispatchable capacity and power in the electric system will significantly fall as a result of a high percentage of new energy being connected to the power grid,and the problem of the system’s inadequate frequency regulation energy and resources will become more obvious.With the widespread popularity of electric vehicles(EVs)and the development of vehicle-to-grid interaction technology,EVs have emerged as highquality frequency regulation resources.EVs present rapid and accurate dynamic response capability and considerable cluster capacity,which provide a new way to the issue of connecting a sizable amount of new energy to the power grid.Due to the limited capacity of electric vehicle monomer,EVs need to be controlled collectively by an electric vehicle aggregator(EVA)in order to reasonably provide frequency regulation ancillary services to the power grid.However,the willingness of EV users to accept the control of EVA directly affects the ability of EVA to provide ancillary services.The uncertainty of EV users and the power market brings certain challenges to the bidding decision of aggregator.To solve the above problems,in order to fully explore the value of EVs in providing ancillary services,this paper focuses on three aspects:EV user willingness modeling,quantification of credible reserve capacity,and optimization of EVA participation in day-ahead market bidding decision.Firstly,this paper analyzes the travel rules of various types of EVs and their charging load characteristics,designs a questionnaire of user willingness to participate in EVA regulation in combination with EV travel behavior,proposes a multi-agent representation method of user cluster willingness based on deep mining of questionnaire data,and verifies the effectiveness of the decision method through simulation examples.Then,the base load model and the quantitative model of reserve capacity of EVs are constructed.Based on the consideration of user willingness to participate in regulation and control,a quantitative strategy and method for the credible reserve capacity of clustered EVs are proposed.The change of EV reserve capacity of the cluster before and after considering user willingness is compared and analyzed by arithmetic examples,which clarifies the necessity of considering user willingness in reserve capacity inscription.The proposed method is able to give the credible reserve capacity of cluster EVs at different confidence levels,and provides a reliable reference for the estimation of reserve capacity when EVA provides ancillary services.Finally,under the system architecture and operation mechanism of cluster EVs participation in energy-frequency regulation ancillary services market,a joint optimization model of EVA participation in the day-ahead energy market and frequency regulation ancillary services market considering market price and EV users’ uncertainty is constructed with the maximum revenue expectation of EVA as target.The advantages and characteristics of different types of EV participation in frequency regulation ancillary services market are analyzed by arithmetic examples,and the effects of user willingness and market price uncertainty on the optimal scheduling results of EVA day-ahead decision are discussed,and the optimization results can provide a reliable reference for EVA decision declaration. |
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