Research On Optimization Of Building Emergency Evacuation Sign System Based On Visual Behavior

As an important pre and in-process escape aid in the building,the safety sign system should minimize the consequences of casualties.In order to improve the overall performance of building safety sign system,this paper uses eye movement technology,visual behavior data analysis and fuzzy mathematics theory to explore the visual behavior characteristics of subjects and the reading effect of sign system under the stimulation of emergency evacuation sign situation(four parameters: size,color,shape and position)and plane evacuation map clue and color design(relationship clues,spatial clues;cold color,warm color and combined color).On this basis,the practical optimization design of the safety sign system is carried out based on a shopping mall and a library,and the effectiveness of the optimization design is verified by eye movement index analysis and Pathfinder simulation evacuation model.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)In the context design of emergency evacuation signs,when only one factor is considered,green,circle and larger types are the best;When considering both factors,the green circle type is the best,and the types with smaller triangles and smaller red should be avoided.The situation of the three factors is more complex.Combined with the fuzzy clustering theory,18 situations can be grouped into four categories.The interference objects with larger green rectangle,larger green triangle,identical green circle,larger green circle,larger red rectangle,larger red triangle and larger red circle are the designs with the lowest interference.Smaller green triangle,smaller red rectangle,smaller red triangle and smaller red circle are the most disturbing designs,which should be avoided in practical application.(2)In the cue difference experiment,the data of Duration of Fixation(DI),Number of Fixations(NF)and Time to First Fixation-the First AOI(TFF-FA)are significantly different with the change of clue type,and Average Duration of Fixation-Every AOI(ADF-EA)are significantly different with the change of building type.When only the cue type factor is considered,the search effect of spatial cue group is better.When considering the building type and clue type at the same time,the exit AOI(Area of Interest)of the relationship clue group receives the most attention,and the search effect is the best.Through canonical correlation analysis,it can be concluded that the increased attention of indirect clues will lead to the poor effect of search activities.In the actual design,the setting of indirect clues should be reduced as much as possible to avoid the reduction of export search efficiency caused by too much prompt information.(3)In the color difference experiment,the visual hot spot visualization results obviously show that the fixation points of the materials in the blank control group are abnormally scattered and there are few strong fixation areas,indicating that the evacuation map without color design makes the subjects unclear in the reading process and the phenomenon of extensive reading is serious.By further analyzing the four eye movement indexes of Duration of Fixation(DF),Average Duration of Fixations(ADF),Duration of Glances(DG)and Average Amplitude of Saccades(AAS),it is found that the color design of cold color system can attract the subjects’ attention most,the subjects are most willing to browse the whole material in a wide range,and can better convert the attention between different AOIs.Therefore,in the optimization scheme of plane evacuation diagram,the color design of cold color system should be added.(4)According to the actual scene of the first floor of a shopping mall and the third floor of a library,the optimization scheme of the safety sign system is designed,and the effectiveness of the design is verified by eye movement technology and simulation technology.Through the analysis of four eye movement indexes: Total Duration of Fixation-AOI(TDF-A),Number of Fixations,(NF-A),Duration of First Fixation-AOI(DFF-A),Time to First Fixation-AOI,(TFF-A),the individual visual behavior is simulated by using the simulation model.Finally the effective conclusion of the optimization scheme design of the safety sign system is obtained.