| With the rapid development of the country’s economy and logistics industry,vans occupy an increasingly important position in road traffic.The optimized design of the van can reduce the overall vehicle weight,reduce fuel consumpt ion and pollut a nt emissions,while saving manufacturing costs and enhancing market competit iven es s.In the automobile manufacturing industry,some important propert ies of alumin u m alloy materials are better than ordinary steel,so it is of great research significance to use alloy materials instead of steel materials in the design of vans.Firstly,a certain type of 9.6 m van carriage was used as the research object,and the original steel was replaced with aluminum alloy material,and it was designed to be lightweight.Before optimizat ion,a three-dimensional model of the existing st eel carriage structure is established to obtain a finite element model of the box body and frame,which is ready for subsequent analysis and optimizat ion.Secondly,according to the national industry standards,the load and constra int conditions of the steel car model body and the four classic working conditions of the frame are applied,the finite element analysis is carried out,and the static analysis of the box body and frame is carried out under different working conditions.The analys i s results show that under different working conditions,there is stress concentrat ion in some positions of the carriage,and the safety factor is higher in most places and the material utilizat ion rate is low.And the modal analysis of the box body and frame is carried out,the frequency of the first 12-order mode of the box body and the first 6-order mode of the frame is recorded,and the natural frequency and vibrat io n characterist ics of each stage of the carriage are determined to ensure that it does not coincide with the external excitat ion frequency and avoid the occurrence of resonan ce.Then,based on the results of the existing steel finite element analysis,the lightweight optimizat ion design of the carriage is carried out,and the specif i c optimizat ion components are determined through sensit ivit y analysis,and then different optimizat ion methods are adopted for different component s.I n the optimizat ion process,two main methods are adopted,one is to optimize the shape of some component s first and then optimize the size,and the other is to directly optimiz e the size of some component s.In the numerical optimizat ion algorit hm,the adapt ive one-object ive optimizat ion method is used to optimize the component s.Finally,the optimized mathemat ical model is determined,the optimal size table of the main parts of the carriage is calculat ed,the overall structure model of the aluminum alloy carriage is established,and the finite element analysis is carried out on the optimized car.The result s show that the aluminum alloy replaces the st eel material and is optimized after the design,and compared with the existing steel car,the mechanical propert ies of the cabin structure are not reduced,and the mass of the carriage is reduced from 3053.56 kg to 1913.11 kg,which is about 37% lighter and can reduce energy consumpt ion by about 26%.Under the condition of front wall and sid e wall,the residual deformation of the specimen is 0.079 mm and 0.196 mm,respect iv e ly.It meets the load requirement s of the box body test in the current national transport at io n industry standard JT/T 389-2010 "Technical Conditions for Van Trailers".In summary,this paper conducts a comprehensive simulat ion analysis and optimizat ion design of the 9.6m van carriage that replaces the aluminum alloy materia l,verifies the rationality and feasibilit y of the applicat ion of the aluminum alloy materi a l in the truck car,and has certain reference signif icance for the product design and development of related enterprises. |
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