Indoor Environmental Quality Assessment And Its Effect On Elderly Health In Wannan Dwellings

It is predicted that China’s elderly population will enter a moderate aging population period at the end of the 14th Five-Year Plan period.To achieve healthy aging,the health issues faced by the elderly need to be paid special attention.At present,the main pension mode in rural areas is home-based pension.Since the elderly spend up to 95%of their time indoors,creating a sound indoor environment is of great significance to improve the physical,mental and social health of the elderly.Wannan dwellings are rich in energy conservation techniques,healthy environment building skills and cultural cultural heritage.And the construction of modern pension building,taking Wannan dwellings as reference,can meet the special physical,mental and cultural needs of the elderly.This paper takes the elderly in Wannan as the research object,explores the correlation between the indoor environment and the health of the elderly,and evaluates the indoor environmental quality.The research results have guiding significance for the construction of modern pension building in hot-summer and cold-winter areas.Firstly,according to the characteristics of architectural environment and the elderly in Wannan,the questionnaire was designed and investigated.Through the analysis of the characteristics of Wannan dwellings,indoor environment satisfaction,basic information and self-assessed health status of the elderly,it is found that the proportion of ancient buildings of Ming and Qing Dynasties,one storey with attic,single building and those with an area of 100-200m~2are 18.26%,63.01%,52.51%and 52.97%respectively in Wannan dwellings.The main indoor damp phenomenas are wet spots(60.73%),mildew spots(44.29%)and moss(42.01%).And indoor damp is significantly correlated with age,type,patio and ventilation mode of building(P<0.05).The satisfaction rates of the elderly on indoor thermal environment,light environment and air quality have spatial and seasonal differences.The satisfaction rate of the indoor environment in the living room is greater than that in other functional spaces.The satisfaction rate of indoor thermal environment in winter is higher than that in summer,and the satisfaction rates of indoor light environment and air quality in winter are not different from that in summer.The mental health of the elderly in Wannan is better than physical health,while physical health is better than social health,and the self-rated health of the male elderly is better than that of the female elderly.The local elderly have better regularity of life and rest,degree of gastrointestinal discomfort,sense of inferiority,anxiety and trust.However,the energy,heavy physical work,sleep quality and election participation are poor.Secondly,the indoor environmental factors that significantly affect the health of the elderly in the functional spaces such as bedroom,living room,kitchen and bathroom are determined as the indoor environmental quality evaluation indicators through correlation analysis.Then,based on the random forest algorithm,the importance evaluation model of indoor environmental factors in different functional spaces is established to calculate the degree of indoor environmental factors affecting the health of the elderly.The algorithm uses Gini index to select the best splitting feature,and the results show that the order of importance of indoor environmental factors affecting the health of the elderly in Wannan dwellings is light environment>thermal environment>air quality>sound environment,but the importance of the main environmental factors affecting the health of the elderly have spatial and seasonal differences.The factors that have the greatest impact on the health of the elderly in the bedroom in summer and winter are illumination uniformity(0.22)and spatial scale(0.12),the factors in the living room are illumination uniformity(0.11)and noise(0.13),the factors in the kitchen are illumination(0.22)and spatial scale(0.16),and the factors in the toilet are spatial scale(0.22)and odor(0.21).Finally,from the two dimensions of importance and satisfaction of indoor environmental factors,the improved importance-satisfaction analysis(IPA)is used to comprehensively evaluate the indoor environmental quality of Wannan dwelling.The evaluation results of indoor environmental quality of dwellings are as follows:the thermal environment and light environment of bedrooms and living rooms need to be improved,while the thermal environment,light environment and air quality of kitchens and toilets need to be improved,the indoor environment constructions of kitchen and bathroom need more attention.The environmental factors to be improved in the kitchen are temperature,wind speed,illumination,illumination uniformity,spatial scale,ventilation and oil fume;the environmental factors to be improved in summer are temperature,humidity,spatial scale and ventilation.Based on the investigation and evaluation results of the indoor environment of Wannan dwellings,it can be seen that the main environmental problems facing the indoor environment are humidity,lighting and ventilation.While the indoor environment of kitchen and toilet in each functional space of dwellings are poor.In order to effectively improve the indoor environment quality and health comfort of dwellings and meet the health need of the local elderly for the indoor environment,it is necessary to comprehensively improve the indoor environment of dwellings on the premise of maintaining the architectural characteristics of traditional dwellings and combining with the original technology of traditional dwellings.