| The accelerating global urbanization process constantly threatens the health of urban residents,and the accompanying problems such as stress and anxiety are extremely likely to affect their physical and mental health.A large number of studies have confirmed the health benefits and positive accumulated effects of visual landscape,soundscape and smellscape in urban plant landscapes from both qualitative and quantitative perspectives.However,the existing research results of a small number of multi-sensory restorative environments are inconsistent.In view of this,it is necessary to use empirical research to test whether the comprehensive restoration under multi-sensory stimulation is better,in order to provide theoretical and practical reference for health-oriented plant landscape design.This study selected urban plant landscapes representing four vegetation structures(lawn,rose garden,osmanthus garden,and pine forest)for experiments.By constructing a virtual laboratory environment,the physiological indicators(skin temperature,skin electricity level,α brain waves and β brain waves),psychological indicators(psychological anxiety,overall environmental perceived quality evaluation indicators)of 308 participants were measured and analyzed.A generalized linear model was used to compare the physiological and psychological restoration of single sensory stimulation and multi-sensory stimulation groups.Then this study horizontally compared the improvement of multi-sensory stimulation between physiological effects and psychological effects,and compared the improvement of multi-sensory stimulation between psychological effects and the overall environmental perceived quality evaluation.The results showed that:(1)In this study,compared with the control group,the significant improvement of audioonly group was on SCL,α brain waves and psychological anxiety.In addition,the overall environmental perceived quality evaluation scores of birdsong were acceptable.Therefore,birdsong had restorative potential and can be involved in subsequent experiments in this study.(2)Adding visual stimuli to birdsong had a significant physiological improvement effect,but adding olfactory stimuli was the opposite.The addition of combined visual and olfactory stimuli was only effective for β brain waves for an elevating effect.The four plant landscape groups also showed similar trends.(3)Adding visual stimuli,olfactory stimuli,or combined visual and olfactory stimuli to the birdsong stimulation did not significantly contribute to the psychological restoration.Therefore,in some cases,the accumulation of multi-sensory stimuli is very limited in improving psychological restoration.(4)The addition of visual or olfactory stimuli significantly enhanced overall attractiveness,overall harmony,and overall preference.Adding olfactory stimuli significantly improved overall attractiveness and overall harmony,but had no significant effect on overall preference.The results of the four plant landscape groups were similar,and it was also observed that the introduction of odor had a limited improvement on overall harmony.(5)From a horizontal comparison of the physiological and psychological restoration of multi-sensory stimuli showed that these two were generally inconsistent,that is,adding visual stimuli,olfactory stimuli,or visual-olfactory stimuli can cause more changes physiologically.The results of the four plant groups were generally similar.(6)From a horizontal comparison of the psychological restoration of multi-sensory stimuli and the impact of overall environmental perceived quality evaluation showed that the two were generally inconsistent.The above results indicated that the multi-sensory comprehensive restoration of plant landscapes is complex.To a certain extent,the accumulation of multi-sensory stimuli is not simple.Evidence-based design should also be adopted to urban landscape design of plant landscapes oriented towards restoration. |
PDF Full Text Request