Study On Physiological Characteristics Of River Ship Pilots In Different Visibility

Ship navigation safety has always been a hot spot of research by experts and scholars.In recent years,remarkable results have been achieved in the prevention of water traffic accidents with the efforts of all parties.However,with the increase of inland river cargo volume and the change of waterway environment,especially since the impounding of the Three Gorges Dam in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River,the amount of goods passing through the Three Gorges gate has increased year by year,and the number of ships passing through the gate is numerous.In addition,water impounding results in great changes in the environment of the upstream reservoir area,and the evaporation of water vapor on the river surface increases,resulting in changes in visibility.In 2022,there were 80 days of poor visibility in Chongqing,61 days of moderate visibility,and visibility was below4,000 km in nearly half of the year,according to statistics.Sailing in bad visibility will affect the pilot’s search efficiency of the navigation environment information,resulting in the change of the pilot’s psychological and physiological state,thus affecting the safety of navigation.Stable physiological state and good psychological load are the guarantee of ship safety.Therefore,this paper aims to study the changes of physiological characteristics and psychological load degree of ship pilots during operation in different visibility.Through statistical analysis and model building,it studies the changes of physiological indicators and characteristics of psychological load of ship pilots during operation in different visibility.The ship experiment and ship simulation experiment were carried out in four visibility ranges of 1～2 kilometre,2～4 kilometre,4～10 kilometre and more than 10kilometre.The a See Glasse eye tracker,a See Studio and Ergo LAB man-machine environment synchronization platform were used.Collect and analyze the eye movement data and ECG data of ship pilots operating in different visibility;Statistical methods were used to analyze the visual and physiological characteristics of ship pilots in different visibility,and to explore the complexity of visual characteristics and heart rate variability of ship pilots in different visibility.Then factor analysis was used to build a quantitative relationship model between eye movement index,ECG index and psychological load to quantify and compare the psychological load level of ship pilots in different segments under different visibility.The results show that there are obvious changes in physiological indexes under different visibility.When the visibility is 1～2 kilometre and 2～4 kilometre,the efficiency of searching the surrounding information of the pilot is significantly reduced,and the adaptability to the environment is weakened.The physiological indicators are significantly different from those when the visibility is greater than 4 kilometre,which further indicates that the pilot is more likely to be nervous when the visibility is low,and the adaptability of the pilot decreases gradually with the increase of the complexity of ship manoeuvring.The tension increases.A quantitative model of ship pilots’psychological load is built through factor analysis to calculate the average psychological load level of ship pilots in each segment under four kinds of visibility.The psychological load of ship pilots under four kinds of visibility is as follows:Mental load_1²km>Mental load _2⁴km>Mental load _4¹0km>Mental load_>10km.When the visibility is within the range of 1～2 kilometre and 2～4 kilometre,the psychological load of ship pilots in each section is the meeting section,the turning section,the berthing section,the starting section,and the direct navigation section.When the visibility is greater than 4 kilometre,the change of operation behavior has little effect on psychological state.The research results can lay a theoretical foundation for improving the safety of human driving behavior and the design and development of unmanned intelligent ships in the next step.