| The outbreak of COVID-19 has significantly impacted the health of people around the world,consequently changing the daily habits and behavior of urban residents.Visits to urban park and urban green space can improve the physical and mental health from multiple aspects.However,due to the impact of COVID-19,residents’ recreational behavior towards urban park and urban green space has changed.Therefore,it is important to reveal the characteristics of residents’ recreational behavior changes and quantify the factors that affect residents’ recreational travel.At present,most studies have described the changes of residents’ recreational travel behavior to visit urban park and urban green space before and after COVID-19 or under various COVID-19 risks from different aspects,including distance preferences and differences between different groups of people(such as the elderly,women,etc.).However,there are few quantitative studies focused on the influencing factors of residents’ recreational behavior differences under different risk levels of COVID-19.In particular,it ignores to reveal the changing characteristics of residents’ recreational behavior by considering the coupling effect of various factors and the epidemic;meanwhile,few studies have revealed the impact of the built environment at street scale on residents’ recreational behavior under the background of COVID-19.Therefore,this study took the urban park and urban green space in Wuhan as an example to conduct a quantitative research,with the aim to reveal the recreational behavior characteristics and influencing factors under different risks of COVID-19.It can provide scientific basis for urban plan and rational utilization of urban park and urban green space,so as to exert the health benefits of urban park and urban green space and improve the service level and residents’ satisfaction.In this study,a stated preference(SP)survey was conducted to obtain sample data(N=3128)of recreational behavior of visitors in urban park and urban green space in Wuhan under different risks of COVID-19.In addition,multi-source geographic big data was collected to quantify the key influencing factors in the process of residents’ recreational travel,including socio-demographic attributes,park features,travel distance,neighborhood built environment and street-scale built environment.Then,statistical analysis method was used to explore the changing characteristics of residents’ recreation behaviors in urban park and urban green space under the background of COVID-19,and statistical analysis was used to quantify the impact of complex urban built environments on residents’ recreation behaviors under different risks of COVID-19.The main research conclusions are listed as follows:(1)With the risk of COVID-19 increasing,urban residents’ recreational behavior(including travel willingness and travel distance)towards urban park and urban green space was declined.Compared with the low risk of the epidemic(96% of visitors still visit the urban park and urban green space),less than 40% of visitors still have the willingness to visit the urban park and urban green space when the epidemic occurs in Wuhan or in the district of the park.At the same time,the average travel distance of residents visiting the urban park and urban green space decreased from 3,916 m to3,435 m with the risk of COVID-19 increasing.(2)At different risks of COVID-19,recreational behaviors of different group of people differed under the epidemic.In terms of travel willingness,as the risk of COVID-19 increases,young and middle-aged visitors,women,people who took public transport,people with high education level or people with low income showed a faster decline in travel willingness.In terms of travel distance,the travel distance of old people and women was lower than that of young and middle-aged people and men in all risks,while the travel distance of people with higher education and high income was higher than that of other groups under all risks.In terms of different travel modes,the travel distance of walking,driving and public transport decreased gradually with the risk of COVID-19 increasing,but the travel willingness and travel distance of cycling increased.(3)Under the influence of COVID-19,the street-scale built environment was significantly correlated with the residents’ behavior of visiting urban park and urban green space.With the risk of COVID-19 increasing,green view index,walkability index and enclosure index(Slp>0,P<0.05)were positively correlated with residents’ travel willingness,while traffic congestion status and sky view factor(Slp<0,P<0.05)were negatively correlated with residents’ travel willingness.In general,residents trended to choose green,safe,walkable and smooth traffic street when going to urban park and urban green space under the influence of the COVID-19.(4)The residents’ behavior of visiting urban park and urban green space was affected by various factors under the influence of COVID-19 simultaneously.For each unit increase in age and density of transportation facilities,the willingness to travel increased by 1.5% and 0.6% under the influence of the epidemic,respectively.On the other hand,when the landscape shape index,travel distance and density of sports and leisure facilities increased by one unit,the willingness to travel decreased by 42.7%,1.5% and 0.5% under the influence of the epidemic,respectively.The willingness of men to travel under high risk was 27.6% higher than that of women.resident with low monthly income and high education level had lower willingness to travel under the influence of COVID-19.As for the street-scale built environment,green view index and traffic congestion status led to an increase of 188.1% and a decrease of 32.3% in the probability of residents visiting the urban park and urban green space,respectively. |
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