A Study On The Evolution Of Landscape Character And Its Management Strategies From The Perspective Of Net Primary Production

In the context of ecological civilization,China has entered a critical period in which the strategic direction is to achieve the "double carbon" target.The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China(CPC)has proposed to focus on building a beautiful central region with green development and to accelerate the establishment of a strategic pivot point for the rise of the central region of Hubei Province,highlighting the importance of landscape character and the ability of ecosystems to sequester carbon and release oxygen in Hubei Province.In-depth analysis of the evolution of landscape character in Hubei Province helps us to understand the causes and characteristics of the changes that have occurred in the Hubei landscape and the trends that may produce changes in the future.While studying the evolution of landscape character,determining the response of vegetation Net Primary Production(NPP)to changes in landscape character and exploring the potential links between the two can further enhance landscape management with the objective of improving landscape NPP.This paper used landscape character assessment as a tool to monitor the evolution of landscape character,calculated the changes in NPP in Hubei Province every five years and over a twenty-year period through the neighbourhood proxy method,analyzed its drivers using the Geodetector model,and determined the response status of NPP during the changes of landscape character type.The characteristics and patterns of landscape character evolution are analyzed to identify key landscape management areas in Hubei Province in the future,and several suggestions are made for landscape management based on different NPP response states.The main conclusions of this study are as follows:(1)Changes in landscape character in Hubei Province mainly occurred at the boundary of landscape character types,manifesting as a mutual transformation between two landscape character types,with the net primary productivity(NPP)response states interspersed with rising and falling.At the boundary of the landscape character types,there was a complex transition between the hills and the plains with a mixed forest-agricultural landscape character,and between the high altitude mountains and the low and middle altitude hills with a mixed forest-shrub landscape character.Land cover is the dominant driver of net primary productivity(NPP)in this process,and because the NPP of land types themselves are different—forest > scrub > cropland-the response of NPP is interlocking upward and downward direction as cropland and scrub,or cropland and forest,or forest and scrub,transition to each other.(2)The low elevation plain flowing water landscape town and village farmland GDP landscape type was first formed in Hubei Province in 2020 centred on Wuhan City.This landscape character type arose mainly due to the fact that the proportion of land cover Category C8(impermeable surface)in the landscape character exceeded 30%,while the high economic concentration and high urbanization rate in the area made the urban system reflect its own unique style in the natural system.In the future,Hubei Province will create two major metropolitan areas,Xiangyang and Yichang,as deputy centers of Hubei Province.And the area will also produce its own unique town and village landscape character type.(3)Water ecological resources,such as lakes and wetlands,have undergone a process from destruction to protection from 2000 to 2020.Destructive measures—the enclosure of lakes to create fields,which turned water bodies into arable land,increased the overall NPP in the region;Protective measures—the return of farmland to lakes,which returned arable land to water bodies,led to a decline in NPP.It can be seen that the goal of landscape stewardship conflicts with the goal of enhancing NPP in the vicinity of the river and lake landscape character types.In order to curb the decline of NPP while managing the wetland landscape of rivers and lakes,the construction of returning farmland to wetlands should be promoted,wetland ecosystems should be created,and the overall NPP within the landscape should be enhanced by increasing the area of woodland through the construction of waterconserving forests.(4)Recommendations for landscape management at the provincial scale Using landscape character assessment as a tool for managing landscape change analyse the characteristics of landscape character evolution.And on the basis of the current landscape character classification map,divide the landscape into landscape character sensitive areas,landscape character generating areas,and landscape character restoration zone.In the corresponding areas,combined with the ecological restoration zoning of land space,new urbanization construction and other policy guidance,the secondary zoning— landscape key management and protection scope is determined.Finally,according to the "Three Lines and One List" zoning map of Hubei Province,the final landscape management units will be determined.The landscape management recommendations will be made based on the priority conservation units,key control units and general control units as defined in the "Three Lines and One List" by analyzing the management priorities will be determined based on the priority protection units,key control units and general control units delineated in the "Three Lines and One List".The landscape resources,outstanding problems,risk of potential change.