| To determine the optimum supplement of oregano oil in the basal diet in weaned piglets,the effects of oregano oil on the growth performance,hormone indexes,antioxidant capacity,serum immune indexes,serum cytokines,serum biochemical indexes,routine blood parameters and the intestinal indicators and so on in early weanling piglets were investigated in this paper;then look for a suitable alternative to antibiotic and study oregano oil and astragalus polysaccharide health function and possible mechanism were studied while oregano oil,astragalus polysaccharide and antibiotic were added Respectively on the basal diet of weaned piglets at the same time.1.One hundred and twenty 30-day-old weaned piglets(Landrace×Yorkshire)were selected and randomly allocated into four groups including control group,0.03%oregano oil group,0.05%oregano oil group and 0.08%oregano oil group,with three replicates per group and 10 piglets per replicate.The control group of piglets were fed a basal diet,and other groups were fed a basal diet supplemented with 300mg/kg oregano oil,5 00 mg/kg oregano oil and 8 00 mg/kg oregano oil for 30 days.The results showed as follows:(1)Growth performance:At the age of 30 to 45 days in piglets,the daily feed intake(ADFI)in three experimental groups were increased(P<0.05,P<0.05,P<0.05);the average daily gain(ADG)were increased in 0.03%oregano oil group(P<0.05),0.05%oregano oil group(P<0.01)and 0.08%oregano oil group(P<0.05).At the age of 30 to 60 days in piglets,the ADFI in three experimental groups were increased(P<0.01,P<0.01,P<0.01);the ADG were increased in 0.03%oregano oil group(P<0.05),0.05%oregano oil group(P<0.01)and 0.08%oregano oil group(P<0.01).(2)Hormone indexes:At the age of 45 days in piglets,the content of the GH were increased in 0.05%oregano oil group(P<0.05)and 0.08%oregano oil group(P<0.01);the content of the IGF-I in three experimental groups were increased(P<0.05).At the age of 60 days in piglets,the content of the T4 were increased in 0.05%oregano oil group(P<0.01)and 0.08%oregano oil group(P<0.01);the content of the IGF-I in three experimental groups were increased(P<0.01).(3)Antioxidant capacity:At the age of 45 days in piglets,the activity of T-AOC and SOD were increased in 0.03%oregano oil group(P<0.05,P<0.01);the activity of T-AOC and SOD were increased in 0.05%oregano oil group(P<0.01)and 0.08%oregano oil group(P<0.01);the content of the MDA in three experimental groups was decreased(P<0.01).At the age of 60 days in piglets,the activity of T-AOC and SOD in three experimental groups were increased(P<0.01),and the content of the MDA was decreased(P<0.01).(4)serum immune indexes:At the age of 45 days in piglets,the content of the IgA and C3 were increased in 0.05%oregano oil group(P<0.05,P<0.05)and 0.08%oregano oil group(P<0.05,P<0.05);the content of the IgM and IgG in three experimental groups were increased(P<0.01).At the age of 60 days in piglets,the content of the IgA was increased in 0.05%oregano oil group(P<0.05)and 0.08%oregano oil group(P<0.05);the content of IgM,IgG and C3 in three experimental groups were increased(P<0.01);the content of the C4 was increased in 0.03%oregano oil group(P<0.05),0.05%oregano oil group(P<0.01)and 0.08%oregano oil group(P<0.01).(5)Serum cytokines:At the age of 45 days in piglets,the content of the IFN-y was increased in 0.05%oregano oil group(P<0.05)and 0.08%oregano oil group(P<0.01).At the age of 60 days in piglets,the content of the IL-2 and IFN-y were increased in 0.03%oregano oil group(P<0.05,P<0.05),0.05%oregano oil group(P<0.01,P<0.01)and 0.08%oregano oil group(P<0.01,P<0.01);the content of the IL-6 in 0.05%oregano oil group(P<0.05)and 0.08%oregano oil group(P<0.01).(6)Serum biochemical indexes:At the age of 45 days in piglets,the content of GLB in three experimental groups were decreased(P<0.01).At the age of 60 days in piglets,the content of the TG were decreased in 0.05%oregano oil group(P<0.05);the content of the ALB was increased in 0.08%oregano oil group(P<0.05);thecontent of GLB was decreased in 0.05%oregano oil group(P<0.05)and 0.08%oregano oil group(P<0.05).(7)Routine blood parameters:At the age of 60 days in piglets,the content of the RBC was increased in 0.05%oregano oil group(P<0.05).(8)The intestinal morphology:At the age of 60 days in piglets,the jejunal villus length was increased in 0.05%oregano oil group(P<0.01),and duodenal villus length was increased(P<0.05);the duodenal crypt depth was decreased in 0.05%oregano oil group(P<0.01);the Jejunal v/c was increased in 0.05%oregano oil group(P<0.05);the ileal v/c was increased in 0.05%oregano oil group(P<0.05),and the jejunal v/c was increased(P<0.01);the jejunal v/c was increased in 0.08%oregano oil group(P<0.05).(9)The intestinal immune indicators:At the age of 60 days in piglets,the content of the Ileal IFN-y and SIgA were increased in 0.05%oregano oil group(P<0.5,P<0.05);the content of the ileal IFN-y and SIgA were increased in 0.08%oregano oil group(P<0.01,P<0.05,);the content of the jejunal IL-2 was increased in 0.03%oregano oil group(P<0.05)and 0.05%oregano oil group(P<0.01),and the jejunal IL-6 was increased in 0.05%oregano oil group(P<0.05);the content of the jejunal IL-2 was increased in 0.08%oregano oil group(P<0.01),and the jejunal IL-6 and SIgA was increased(P<0.05);the content of the duodenal IFN-y was increased in 0.03%oregano oil group(P<0.01);the content of the duodenal IL-2,IL-6,SIgA and IFN-γ were increased in 0.05%oregano oil group(P<0.01,P<0.01,P<0.05,P<0.01);the content of the duodenal IL-2,IL-6,SIgA and IFN-y were increased in 0.08%oregano oil group(P<0.01,P<0.05,P<0.05,P<0.01).(10)Appendix flora:the number of lactic cid bacteria were increased and the e.coli were decreased in three experimental groups(P<0.01).(11)Intestinal gene expression of tight junction:Intestinal ZO-1、Cladudin、Occludin were increased in three experimental.It was concluded that moderate oregano oil could enhance growth performance,hormone indexes,antioxidant capacity and serum immune function,improve the intestinal indicators and so on in early weanling piglets.2.One hundred and twenty 30-day-old weaned piglets(Landrace×Yorkshire)were selected and randomly allocated into four groups including control group,oregano oil group,astragalus polysaccharide group,antibiotic group,with three replicates per group and 10 piglets per replicate.The control group of piglets were fed a basal diet,and other groups were fed a basal diet supplemented with 500mg/kg oregano oil,400 mg/kg astragalus polysaccharide,100 mg/kg zinc bacitracin and 20mg/kg polymyxin for 30 days.The results showed as follows:(1)Growth performance:At the age of 30 to 45 days in piglets,the ADFI and ADG were increased in antibiotic group(P<0.05,P<0.01);the ADG were increased in oregano oil group(P<0.01).At the age of 30 to 60 days in piglets,the ADFI and ADG were increased in oregano oil group(P<0.05,P<0.01);the ADG were increased in astragalus polysaccharide group(P<0.05);the ADFI and ADG were increased in antibiotic group(P<0.05,P<0.01).(2)Hormone indexes:At the age of 45 days in piglets,the content of the GH,T4,T3 and IGF-I were increased in antibiotic group(P<0.01,P<0.01,P<0.05,P<0.01);the content of the GH and IGF-I were increased in oregano oil group(P<0.01);the content of the GH and IGF-I were increased in astragalus polysaccharide group(P<0.05).At the age of 60 days in piglets,the content of the GH,T4,T3 and IGF-I were increased in antibiotic group(P<0.01,P<0.05,P<0.01,P<0.05);the content of the IGF-I was increased in oregano oil group(P<0.01).(3)Antioxidant capacity:At the age of 45 days in piglets,the activity of SOD was increased in antibiotic group(P<0.05);the activity of T-AOC and SOD were increased in oregano oil group(P<0.01,P<0.41)and astragalus polysaccharide group(P<0.01,P<0.01),and the MDA was decreased(P<0.01).At the age of 60 days in piglets,the activity of T-AOC and SOD were increased in oregano oil group(P<0.01,P<0.01)and astragalus polysaccharide group(P<0.01,P<0.01),and the MDA was decreased in oregano oil group(P<0.01).(4)serum immune indexes:At the age of 45 days in piglets,the content of the IgA,IgM,IgG and C3 were increased in oregano oil group(P<0.01,P<0.01,P<0.01,P<0.05);the content of the IgM and IgG were increased in astragalus polysaccharide group(P<0.01,P<0.05).At the age of 60 days in piglets,the content of the IgA,IgM,IgG,C3 and C4 were increased in oregano oil group(P<0.01);the content of the IgM,IgG and C4 were increased in astragalus polysaccharide group(P<0.01).(5)Serum cytokines:At the age of 45 days in piglets,the content of the IL-6 was increased in astragalus polysaccharide group(P<0.05);the content of the IFN-y was increased in antibiotic group(P<0.05),oregano oil group(P<0.01)and astragalus polysaccharide group(P<0.01).At the age of 60 days in piglets,the content of the IL-2,IL-6 and IFN-γ were increased oregano oil group(P<0.01,P<0.01,P<0.05)and astragalus polysaccharide group(P<0.01,P<0.01,P<0.05).(6)Serum biochemical indexes:At the age of 45 days in piglets,the content of the CREA was decreased in oregano oil group(P<0.01)and astragalus polysaccharide group(P<0.01);the content of the GLB in three experimental groups were decreased(P<0.01).(7)The intestinal morphology:At the age of 60 days in piglets,the ileal villus length was increased in antibiotic group(P<0.05)and astragalus polysaccharide group(P<0.05);the ileal crypt depth was decreased in oregano oil group(P<0.05);the jejunal v/c was increased in oregano oil group(P<0.01)and astragalus polysaccharide group(P<0.01);the duodenal v/c was increased in astragalus polysaccharide group(P<0.01).(8)Appendix flora:the number of lactic cid bacteria were increased and the e.coli were decreased in three experimental groups(P<0.01).It was concluded that moderate oregano oil and astragalus polysaccharide could enhance growth performance,hormone indexes,antioxidant capacity and serum immune function,improve the intestinal indicators and so on in early weanling piglets. |
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