| Long-term a large number of scientific fertilization,results in a degradation of soil physical and chemical properties,in the facility,in turn,reduces the yield and quality of vegetables,severely restricts the sustainable development of facilities vegetables in our country,leads to the deterioration of the facilities within the soil physical and chemical properties,which reduces the yield and quality of vegetables,severely restricts the sustainable development of facilities vegetables in our country,In recent years,the research of using new fertilizers to improve the ecological environment of soil in facilities has become a hot spot,especially the research and application of new water-soluble fertilizers such as amino acids and microbial agents have become the focus.This experiment adopts the integrated technology of water and fertilizer.Was studied by field experiments in wheat rhizosphere separated glue bacillus(Paenibacillus polymyxa)G15-7 and amino acid made from water soluble fertilizer of microbial agents(AM),amino acid soluble fertilizer(A),two kinds of package water soluble fertilizer(F1,F2),single water soluble fertilizer topdressing(CK)on tomato growth and fruit yield,quality and nutrient distribution and accumulation,nutrient utilization,soil microorganism quantity,enzyme activity and 0-20,20-40,40-60 cm soil layer soil nutrient indices such as dynamic changes of the different influence.The aim is to explore reasonable topdressing scheme for greenhouse tomatoes in central Henan and southern areas,and to provide theoretical basis for high quality and high yield of greenhouse tomatoes.The test results are as follows:1.Different fertilizer treatment on tomato plant growth and physiological indexThis experimental study shows that the influence of different fertilizer treat ment than CK could promote tomato plants of different level of the increase of plant height,stem diameter,leaf number,engraftment in 45 d(fertilizer 25 d days)for the first time,A water soluble fertilizer(amino acid),AM(G15-7+amino acid water soluble fertilizer)processing of tomato plant growth promo ting effect more apparent,including the effects of AM best.AM treatment can significantly improve engraftment 60 d leaf chlorophyll content,net photosynt hetic rate of Pn,decrease intercellular CO2 concentration,respectively,compare d with other treatment increased by 4.04%-11.42%,6.18%-24.82%,was reduced by 4.71%-12.35%,in the later growth stage of AM,A processing tomato chlo rophyll content and root activity value to maintain at A high level,the tomato leaf senescence,promote plant growth play A more active role.2.Different fertilizer treatment on yield and quality of tomatoYield,fruit weight affect different processing for AM>A>F1>F2>CK,com pared with the CK the other four treatment were significantly improved the to mato yield,no significant difference between the four processing,AM dealing with the highest yield of plot yield 654.93 kg,the yield increased by 2.99%,1.95%,3.69%,8.69%other processing.The next treatment was A,with an increase of 1.02%-6.61%.The maximum single fruit weight of AM treatment was 0.1840Kg,which was 1.83%-11.18%higher than that of other treatments.In ter ms of tomato quality indexes,A and AM treatments significantly increased lycopene content and soluble protein content in tomato fruits,but there was no significant difference between the two treatments,and there was no significant difference in sugar to acid ratio between F1,A and AM treatments,which were significantly higher than those between F2 and CK.There was no significant difference in the content of nitrate in tomato fruits among all treatments,which was in the range of 127.54-146.47 mg·kg-1,far lower than the national allo wable content of nitrate in vegetables of 432 mg·kg-1.3.Influence of different top fertilizer treatments on the number of rhizosphere soil microorganismsCompared with CK,top dressing without water-soluble fertilizer can increase the number of bacteria and actinomycetes,and reduce the number of fungi.From the whole growth period,AM treatment has the best effect,followed by A.After 60 days of colonization,the number of bacteria and fungi in AM treated soil was significantly increased,while the number of actinomycetes was not significantly different.The number of bacteria,actinomycetes and fungi were significantly different in each treatment after 90d and 120d transplanting.Compared with other treatments,the number of bacteria in AM treatment increasedb y17.44%-94.87%and 16.04%-96.8%,the number of actinomycetes increased by 5.6%-65.52%and 25.85%-88.95%,and the number of fungi decreased by 13.65%-33.17%and 7.69%-31.12%.4.Influence of different top dressing Treatments on Rhizosphere Soil EnzymeActivities Compared with CK,topdressing without water soluble fertilizer can increase or maintain the activities of sucrase,urease,phosphatase and catalase in the rhizosphere soil.The activity of sucrase decreased first and then increased during the growth period of tomato,and the AM treatment showed a high level.After 120 days of transplanting,the activity of sucrase reached 2.757 mg·g-1,which was significantly higher than that of the other four treatments,increasing by 29.86%-55.94%.The activities of urease and phosphatase reached the peak value at the full fruit stage,but decreased at the later stage.The activities of two enzymes in AM treatment were significantly higher than those in F1,F2 and CK treatment at 90d and 120d,and increased by 11.24%and 13.71%compared with those in A treatment with higher activity.The catalase activity increased gradually with the growth of tomato,and the difference was significant after 120 days of transplanting.Compared with other treatments,AM increased by 22.69%,17.62%,41.62%and 42.64%.5.Effects of different top dressing treatments on tomato soil nutrient contentThe nutrient indexes were mainly concentrated in the 0-40cm soil layer,and the concentration was the most in the 0-20cm soil layer,and the content of each index gradually decreased with the increase of soil depth.Among them,AM and A can increase or maintain the nutrient content of shallow soil and reduce the leaching of available nutrients to deep soil while the leaching of available nutrients to deep soil of F1,F2 and CK is more obvious.6.Effects of different top dressing treatments on nutrient distribution,accumulation and nutrient utilization efficiency of tomato.The accumulation of nitrogen in the plant was exhibited in the leaves>frui t>stems>root,and the potassium in the fruit>stem>leaf>roots.The cumulation of phosphorus was the highest in the fruit and the lowest in the root.The accu mutation of N,P and K in the fruits of each organ was more,especially the accumulation of P and K,which accounted for 52.70%-67.42%and 48.04-53.36%of the total accumulation of the whole plant.In addition,N accumulation in AM fruits was significantly increased by 20.75%-56.26%,and all treatments could promote N,P and K accumulation in tomato whole plant.AM treatment had the best effect by 7.99%-37.28%,25.17%-88.91%and 5.87%-21.86%,respectively,followed by A treatment.At the same time,AM and A treatments significantly increased the utilization rates of N,P and K,which were 34.94%,31.99%,65.48%,32.2%,25.92%and 62.98,respectively.In conclusion,A(amino acid water-soluble fertilizer)and AM(G15-7+aminoacid water-soluble fertilizer)can better promote the growth and development of tomato and improve fruit quality and yield by improving soil ecological environment and nutrient utilization,among which AM has the best effect. |
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