Intestinal Microorganisms Alleviate Piglet Cold Stress

Piglets in China suffer from cold stress in the process of breeding are widespread,the condition of the cold stress will not only cause the loss of piglet immunity induced by intestinal damage will cause the piglets died as a result,ease the piglet cold stress is particularly urgent in addition,the existing research shows that gut microbes in the regulation of the host play a crucial role in energy metabolism in this paper,through the simulation of cold stress environment,with 24 conservation pig as the research model,the test is divided into four groups: normal group cold stress under normal temperature + antibiotics treatment group of cold stress + treatment group,each group of six.The correlation between 16 S r RNA sequencing and metagenomics,as well as non-targeted lc-msms metabolomics,and microflora was analyzed to explore the basic metabolic immune function and the response of piglet cecum contents and mucosal flora to cold stress under cold stress.It also provides theoretical basis for relieving cold stress of piglets and maintaining their intestinal health.The results are as follows:(1)Under cold stress,the body increased energy intake to enhance physiological metabolic level to improve energy supply.There was no significant difference in weight gain under cold stress(P<0.05)indicating that increased food intake was mainly used to maintain body temperature and not used for growth.The serum levels of glucagon-like peptidyl-1(GLP-1),anorexia hormone peptide YY(PYY)and leptin secreted by adipose tissue were respectively 83.56 ng/L、0.6ng/m L and 1.57ng/m L,which were significantly lower than those of the normal temperature group 112.15 ng/L 、 1.06ng/m L and 2.56ng/m L(P<0.05),indicating that cold stress reduced the inhibition of appetite and energy intake.Cold stress promoted the increase of intestinal villi and recess depth(P<0.05),which was more conducive to the digestion and absorption of energy and nutrients.Glucose tolerance test showed that under cold stress can increase the glucose tolerance of piglets,in cold stress in the serum cortisol after 48 h of T3,T4 and secreted by adipose tissue adiponectin were 80.86ng/m L、6.29 ng/m L and 40.21 ng/m L group were significantly lower than normal temperature114.72 ng/m L、10.57 ng/m L and 55.41 ng/m L(P<0.05),thus inhibiting energy consumption to increase the body’s energy storage,to adapt to cold stress.Cold stress significantly increased the weight of immune organs(thymus and spleen)of piglets from 6.00 g and 22.33 g to 8.00 g and 36.33g(P<0.05),and the secretion of cytokines IL-6 、IL-10 、IL-18 、NFk B and antibody Ig A was 0.70μg/ml,0.60μg/ml,0.66μg/ml,0.59μg/ml and 0.41μg/ml,higher than that of normal temperature group,0.64μg/ml,0.47μg/ml,0.59μg/ml and 0.41 μg/ml.(2)The phylum level composition of cecum contents and mucosal flora was not different from that of the normal temperature group under cold stress(P>0.05),but the composition of mucosal microorganisms showed an increasing trend in the medium firmicutes(P=0.071).The bacteria genera significantly increased under cold stress mainly included Bacteroides,Methanobacteria,Porphyromonas,Paludibacter,Desulfobacteraceae,Prevotellaceae.Only cmp-n-acetyl neuraminic acid metabolism cold stress group was significantly higher than normal temperature group(P<0.05).(3)Under cold stress,the body improves the lipid energy metabolism and insulin sensitivity of the host by strengthening the metabolism of amino acids in the blood and liver.Among them,glycine combines with primary bile acids in the liver to form combined bile acids,and interacts with microorganisms in bile acid metabolism.Play an important role in regulation.The joint analysis using mmvec showed that certain bacteria in Prevotella and Rumenaceae are strongly related to the metabolism of host amino acids and bile acids,and speculate that they play a key role in alleviating cold stress in piglets.In summary,under cold stress,piglets can meet the body’s demand for energy by increasing feed intake and reducing energy consumption through intestinal absorption area,and prevotella and rumen bacteria can alleviate cold stress by enhancing host amino acid metabolism and regulating host bile acid circulation.