| Objective: In order to understand the types,infection intensity,molecular evolution characteristics,and physical and chemical indexes of cattle infected with ticks and tick-borne diseases in beef cattle in northern Hainan,the cattle(Leiqiong cattle),Wagyu and buffalo in the four counties of Chengmai,Danzhou,Ding’an and Haikou in Hainan were investigated to carry out molecular epidemiological investigations on the tick and three tick-borne diseases of Anaplasma,Babesia and Theileria.Methods: 2436 ticks and 151 blood samples were collected.The ticks were identified by morphology and PCR amplification of 16 S r DNA gene fragments,and the tick borne pathogens were identified by PCR amplification of MSP4,cytb and 18 S r RNA gene fragments.At the same time,the blood routine parameters(WBC,RBC,HGB,HCT,PLT,EOS,LYM,MON,NEU,BAS,MCV,MCH,MCHC)and blood biochemical indexes(ALB,ALP,AST,CA,GGT,TP,GLOB,BUN,CK,PHOS,MG)of positive cattle were measured objective to screen the characteristic index parameters for the clinical diagnosis of tick borne diseases.The results show that:1.The ticks collected from the bovine body surface in northern Hainan are R.microplus.Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that the similarity of 16 S r DNA sequences with sequences(EU918176 、 AB819268 、 KM246879 、 KY020993 、MN880401、MN961118、MT462222)ranged from 98.80% to 99.97%.It is 96.42%similar to the tick(MT555307)from Henan Province of China,and it is in different branches and has some evolutionary differences.2.23 of 63 tick samples were positive,the positive rate was 36.51%.The positive rates of A.marginale,B.bigemina,T.orientalis,T.buffelli,T.annulata and T.luwenshuni were 4.76%,3.17%,4.76%,3.17%,3.17% and 19.05%,respectively.In 151 blood samples of beef cattle,52 samples were positive,the positive rate was 34.43%.The infection rates of tick-borne pathogens in cattle,buffalo and Wagyu were 96.67%,23.91%and 16.00% respectively.The positive rates of A.marginale,B.bovis,B.bigemina,T.orientalis,T.sinensis,T.buffelia and T.annulata were 56.67%,20.00%,53.33%,36.67%,33.33%,6.67% and 13.33% respectively in cattle,and 2.17%,6.52% and 4.35%respectively in Buffalo,The positive rates of A.marginale,T.orientalis,T.buffeli,T.annulata and T.sinensis were 2.67%,8.00%,2.67%,2.67% and 2.67% in Wagyu respectively.Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that A.marginale sequence,B.bigemin sequence and B.bovis sequence were all in the same branch,and the sequences obtained from different hosts had no difference in evolutionary relationship.3.Comparing the blood routine indexes of positive cattle with negative cattle,WBC,RBC,PLT,LYM,MON,NEU,MCHC decreased,and HGB,HCT,EOS,BAS,MCV,MCH increased,but the difference was not significant(P>0.05).Compared with negative cattle,the blood biochemical indexes of positive cattle decreased in AST,PHOS,and increased in ALB,GGT,TP,GLOB,BUN and MG,but the difference was not significant(P>0.05).Among them,the two indexes of ALP and CK were significantly lower than negative cattle(P<0.05).The results of this study show that the tick that parasitizes on the body surface of cattle is R.microplus.In addition,this study detected A.marginale,B.bovis,and B.bigemina,T.orientalis,T.buffeli,T.annulata,T.sinensis,T.luwenshuni in cattle,buffalo,Wagyu and ticks.This proved that these types of tick-borne pathogen infections exist in cattle in Hainan,and the tick-borne pathogen infections in cattle are more serious and complicated.The results of the study of physical and chemical indexes of the positive Wagyu of Theileria spp.infection showed that there was no significant difference in other indexes except that ALP and CK were significantly lower than negative Wagyu(P<0.05). |
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