| [Objective] In order to find out the species resources of Macrofungi in the north slope of Wutai Mountain in Shanxi Province,clarify the geographical distribution and nutritional pattern of edible fungi in this area,understand the species status of "Tai mushroom",and clarify the basic nutritional components of Clitopaxillus fibulatus,the edible fungi resources in the north slope of Wutai Mountain were studied systematically.[Methods](1)232 specimens collected from the north slope of Wutai Mountain were identified by morphology,including pileus,gill,flesh,stipe and ring.(2)Through DNA extraction,PCR amplification,gel electrophoresis,purification,determination,and sequence comparison,MEGA and Bayesian establishment were used to identify and molecular systematic studies on edible fungi and difficult species collected on the northern slope of Mount Wutai.(3)The geographical distribution and nutritional analysis of the edible fungi on the northern slope of Mount Wutai were carried out using field investigations and consulting " Colored atlas of japanese fungi ","Shanxi Large Fungi Wild Resource Illustrated Book" and other related documents.(4)Using field surveys and consulting related literatures such as "Shanxi Macrofungi Wild Resources Illustrated Book","Shanxi Large Edible Fungi","Wutai Mountain Wild Edible Fungi Resources Nutritional Value and Prospects" and A Survey on“Taimo”resources in Wutai Mountain" and other related documents "Tai Mushroom"were conducted scientific attribution analysis.(5)The protein,fat,ash and carbohydrates in Clitopaxillus fibulatus were determined by the national standard detection method,the amino acids were analyzed by acid hydrolysis,and the volatile substances were analyzed by solid phase microextraction SPME-GC/MS.[Results] A total of 92 species were identified by morphological and molecular phylogenetic methods,including 44 species of edible fungi,6 species of medicinal fungi,12 species of poisonous fungi,and other unknown species.Based on the analysis of its sequence comparison and the construction of Bayesian phylogenetic tree,a more reliable natural evolutionary pedigree of edible fungi in this area was established.The results showed that the three dominant genera of(Melanoleuca,Lepista and Tricholoma)Tricholomataceae are closely related and rich in species.At the same time,the difficult species were identified by molecular systematics and morphological analysis,and identified as Coprinus cf.palmeranus,Cortinarius cf ferrugineovatus,Helvella pseudolacunosa,Jackrogersella multiformis,Ripartites metrodii,Atractosporocybe Polaris and Pseudoomphalina sp.need further study.Among the 92 species identified,there are 8 new records in Shanxi and 18 new records in North China.Coprinus cf palmeranus and Gymnopus cf densilamellatus may be new records in ChinaAccording to the geographical distribution,the edible fungi species in this area can be divided into 7types,including 12 species widely distribute in the world,1 species widely distribute in Asia and North America,10 species widely distribute in Europe and Asia,13 species widely distribute in Europe,Asia and North America,3 species widely distribute in Europe,Asia and Africa,2 species widely distribute in Europe,Asia,North America and Oceania,and 3 species endemic to China.There are 28 kinds of saprophytic fungi,15 kinds of symbiotic fungi and 1 kind of parasitic fungi.Among the saprophytic fungi,there are 16 species of grass rot fungi,6 species of wood rot fungi and 6 species of soil rot fungi.This paper focused on the traditional meaning of " Tai mushroom " The 18 species of "Tai mushroom" should belong to 7 genera.The content of protein and fat in Pleurotus ferulae is 33.9% and 1.6%,respectively.There are 17 kinds of amino acids.There are 58 kinds of volatile compounds in fruiting body of Clitopaxillus fibulatus,among which there are 12 kinds of aldehydes,6 kinds of alcohols,7 kinds of ketones and 7 kinds of alkanes.Among them,aldehydes are the main source of fruiting body aroma,and the content of hexanal is as high as 15.05%,which endows Pleurotus ferulae with unique oil and grass flavor.[Conclusions] A total of 92 species were identified from 232 specimens,including 8 new records in Shanxi,18 new records in North China and 2 suspected new records in China.The phylogenetic analysis showed that the three dominant genera of Tricholomataceae are closely related.The main distribution types in this region are the world wide species and the European,Asian and North American species.The 18 species of "Tai mushroom" should belong to 7 genera.The main nutritional patterns of Clitopaxillus fibulatus are saprophytic and symbiotic.The protein content of Clitopaxillus fibulatus is as high as 33.9%,and the content of hexanal is as high as 15.05%... |
