Screen Of Microbial Consortium For Traditional Chinese Medicine Residues Degradation And Study On Composting Characteristics Of Sophora Flavescens Residues

With the rapid development of traditional Chinese medicine（TCM）,it is more pop ular to use it,and the output of traditional Chinese medicine residue（TCMR）is increa sing year by year.Landfill and stacking which are popular in TCMR treatment not onl y waste resources,but also cause serious damage to the environment.However,TCM R can be transformed into organic fertilizer through composting,which can not only p rotect the environment,but also realize the effective utilization of TCMR.TCMR has complex medical composition and contains a variety of residual active ingredients tha t will affect the activity of ordinary degrading microorganisms and reduce the biodegr adation efficiency of TCMR.Therefore,for improving the composting efficiency of T CMR,the experiment plans to develop a composting agent that can effectively degrad e TCMR.Microbial consortium HQW that efficiently degrade Salvia miltiorrhiza resi due（SMR）was obtained from the natural fermentationTCMR,and the degradation abi lity of the microbial consortium HQW to the residue was improved by optimizing the culture conditions.Experiments set up to reveal the degrading law of microbial consor tium HQW in its process of biodegrading TCMR.In order to verify the degradation ad aptability of microbial consortium to different TCMRs,the degradation effects of micr obial consortium HQW on Astragalus residue,Dendrobium residue,and Sophora flav escens residue were also investigated.Maturity of Sophora flavescens residue and chi cken dung compost was investigated.The main results are as follows:（1）Taking the natural fermented TCMR as the initial bacterial source,a TCMR degradation microbial consortium HQW was isolated by limiting the carbon source to Salvia miltiorrhiza residue.By sequencing analysis,cellulose degrading bacteria para clostridium（46.16%）and Clostridium_sensu_stricto₁（6.09%）and lysinibacillus（4.15%）were the dominant bacteria with over 1%abundance in microbial consortiu m HQW.After optimizing cultural conditions,it was found that the microbial consorti um HQW had the maximum degradation of Salvia miltiorrhiza residue at 43℃,initia 1 pH and 5%inoculation amount,and the degradation rate was 45.37%.（2）The dynamic characteristics change of microbial consortium HQW degradatio n of Salvia miltiorrhiza residue found that the biodegradation of microbial consortium HQW can be divided into two stages.The first stage was 6 days after inoculation,wh en the microbial consortium HQW salvia slag degraded rapidly.The degradation rate of Salvia miltiorrhiza residue was 28.82%on the first day,increased to 35.89%on the third day,and reached 41.14%on the 6th days.Similarly,the lignocellulose of Salvia miltiorrhiza residue was also continuously degraded,and the hemicellulose and cellul ose were degraded by 51.18%and 47.43%on the sixth day,respectively.From 0 to 6d,dominant bacteria such as cellulose-degrading bacteria Paraclostridium（0d）,Clostri dium_sensu_stricto₁（1-3d）,Dysgonomonas and Lysinibacillus（6d）successively do minated the cellulose degradation.The functions of glycogen degradation and metabo lic transformation of microorganisms were actively expressed.After 6 days’ biodegrad ation,the second stage of biodegradation came,and the degradation of Salvia miltiorr hiza residue by microbial consortium HQW entered the plateau stage.From 6 to 14 da ys,the relative abundance of microorganisms related to cellulose degradation decrease d significantly,and the metabolic functions of microorganisms on amino acids,protei ns and lipids were more active.（3）The degradation efficiency of microbial consortium HQW on different medici nal residues was studied,and it was found that its degradation efficiency on different materials was different.Microbial consortium HQW had the greatest degradation of A stragalus residue,and the degradation rate reached 60.21%.The degradation rates of t he cellulose,hemicellulose and lignin of Astragalus residue were 74.23%,62.80%an d 57.62%,respectively.The degradation rate of Salvia miltiorrhiza residue and Dendr obium residue was about 40%.Microbial consortium HQW hardly degraded Sophora flavescens residue,and the degradation rate of Sophora flavescens residue was only 5.78%.Degradation effect ranking:Astragalus residue>Dendrobium residue≈Salvia miltiorrhiza residue>Sophora flavescens residue.（4）Sophora flavescens residue was composted for 56 days,and the high temperat ure period（>50℃）lasted for 32 days.Lignocellulose was largely degraded during co mposting,and the cellulose content changed the most,from 26.71%to 15.59%.Durin g the composting process,the C/N decreased continuously,and the final compost C/N was 14.3.The compost nutrient content increased continuously with the composting,and the final TP content of Sophora flavescens residue compost was 2.14g/kg,TK con tent was 4.33g/kg,and TN content was 24.8g/kg.The biotoxicity of compost was inve stigated with tomato seeds,and the seed germination index（GI）was 121.6%（>70%）,indicating that the compost had been matured.The pot experiment showed that 10%S ophora flavescens residue organic fertilizer had the strongest effect on tomato growth.A high proportion of Sophora flavescens residue organic fertilizer（50%）has no toxic effect on tomato.（5）In the cultivation process of Salvia miltiorrhiza,different proportions of Soph ora flavescens residue organic fertilizer were applied.The experiment found that the g rowth of Salvia miltiorrhiza in the group of Sophora flavescens residue organic fertiliz er was better than CK.The root biomass of Salvia miltiorrhiza was the highest,and t he underground dry weight was 2.9 times higher than CK in 10%Sophora flavescens residue organic fertilizer treatment.The accumulation of water-soluble and fat soluble active components of 10%Sophora flavescens residue organic fertilizer Salvia miltio rrhiza was also the largest.The accumulation of rosmarinic acid,salvianolic acid B,s alvianolic acid A and tanshinone ⅡA were 3.38,3.12,2.28 and 7.42 times that of CK,respectively.Citrifermentans and Sphingomonas are characteristic dominant bacteria i n the 10%Sophora flavescens residue organic fertilizer soil with the best quality of Sa lvia miltiorrhiza.