Analysis Of Mineral Element Concentration And Molecular Marker Assisted Selection In Common Wheat And Its Relatives

Wheat has a profound impact on the food security of the world and our country.With the improvement of people’s living standard,higher requirements for wheat quality are put forward.Mineral element concentration is one of the important quality traits of wheat.It is of great significance to analyze the mineral element concentration of wheat from different sources and select excellent materials with beneficial element concentration by molecular marker assisted selection(MAS).In the study,the concentration of Fe,Zn,Se,As and Cd in the grains of 103 common wheat and relatives were analyzed comprehensively,and the concentration of beneficial elements Fe and Zn were selected by MAS.The main results are as follows:1.The tested genotypes had high variation in grain mineral concentration.The variation coefficients were 28.17%,22.36%,26.86%,38.56%and 28.58%,respectively,for grain Fe,Zn,Se,As and Cd concentrations.The average grain Fe,Zn and Se concentrations were 41.96 mg·Kg-1,24.14 mg·Kg-1 and 43.05 μg·Kg-1,respectively,which were all lower than the international recommended levels,and thus had great potential for improvement.The concentration of As(18.46 μg·Kg-1)and Cd(9.55 μg·Kg-1)were all lower than the national limit standards.There was a certain degree of correlation among five mineral elements.The concentration of Zn was significantly positive correlation with the concentration of Fe and Se,and the concentration of Se,As and Cd were significant positively correlated.There are complex relationships between mineral elements concentration with agronomic and quality traits in wheat.The concentration of Fe,Zn and Se in wheat grains will increase with the increase of plant height,the decrease of the number of grains per spike,and the increase of grain crude protein content and wet gluten content,but the concentration of As or Cd will increase at the same time.2.The accumulative contribution rate of the two principal components of the five mineral elements was 64.38%.The first principal component including grain Se,As and Cd concentration explained 34.69%of the variation.The second principal component including grain Fe and Zn,concentration explained 29.69%of the variation.Seventeen materials were selected based on both the two-dimensional ordering of the first two principal component and the membership function values.The selected materials had high concentration of beneficial elements and low concentration of harmful metals.They were T.monococcum L.,Xinjiang wheat,T.compactum Host.,T.dicoccoides K?rn.,Jinghui No.1,Wheat Barley,Chinese Spring,Chinese Spring(ph1b),Guohong No.6,Sunuola 64,Ningchun No.4,Ningchun No.18,Ningchun No.38,Ningchun No.43,Ningchun No.50,J076,and Zhoumai No.32.3.Fifteen molecular markers Xwmc382-2A、gwm154-5A、Xgwm400-7B、WMC59-1 A、gwm391-3A、Xwmc74-5A、Xwmc488-7A、cfa2129-1B、gwm120-2B、gwm445-2A、gwm293-5A、gwm473-7D、Xcfa2049-7A、Xbarc29-7A、Xcfd31-7A which correlated with wheat grain Fe and Zn concentration were detected in 47,93,18,65,14,47,69,100,22,91,103,40/60,100,51 and 100 of the 103 tested materials,respectively.The distribution rates were ranged from 13.59%to 100.00%,and the marker gwm293-5A was distributed in all the 103 materials.Based on grain Fe and Zn concentration,the materials were clustered into V groups,among which group V and I had higher average grain Fe and Zn concentrations than other groups.The average grain Fe and Zn concentration and the detection rate of one grain Fe and four grain Zn concentration-related markers were correlated in five groups.Therefore,these five molecular markers could be used to assist the selection of wheat lines with high grain Fe and Zn concentration.