| In recent years,the Camellia oleifera industry is developing rapidly in our country.New construction and low-level reform are two important measures to develop the Camellia oleifera industry,which requires a large supply of high-quality seedlings.Traditional disposal methods such as incineration,landfill or random disposal cause pollution to the environment and are also a great waste of biomass resources.As a new substrate raw material,the residues of Camellia oleifera low-yield forest transformation have the characteristics of large quantity,renewable and low cost.However,the Camellia seedling market is unstable.On the one hand,the supply and demand of seedlings are unbalanced.On the other hand,the seedlings-growing substrate is high and cannot meet the requirements of container seedlings.At present,the use of Camellia oleifera seedling substrates is mainly a mixture of organic and inorganic substrates such as yellow soil,peat,perlite,rice husks,etc.The physical and chemical properties of the mixed substrates are not stable enough,coupled with the high cost of peat,which is non-renewable,and the quality of the yellow soil is not light,which is not conducive to transportation,and the ecological and economic benefits are not fully satisfied.Therefore,this paper provides a theoretical basis for the substrate utilization of Camellia oleifera low-yield forest reconstruction residues through the preparation of light substrates and the use of light substrates to mix seedlings.The main results are as follows:(1)The experiment was designed for the fermentation composting of the residue of low-yield Camellia oleifera,the results show that:① There was no significant difference in the effects of nitrogen source,microbial agent and C/N ratio on the physical properties of the residue in low-yield Camellia oleifera forest transformation.However,the range analysis showed that the range values of the effects of nitrogen source on the bulk density and porosity of the residue were the largest.There is a significant difference,according to the significance correlation level,nitrogen source>carbon-nitrogen ratio>microbial inoculum.②Composting with urea,EM bacteria and initial C/N ratio of 25:1 can make the low residue meet the requirement of preparing light substrate.Compared 9 treatments,and compared with the changes of the remaining physical and chemical properties before and after fermentation and composting,the results show that:in all treatments,the treatment of urea+EM bacteria+initial carbon-nitrogen ratio of 25:1 could make the remnants of Camellia oleifera low-yield forest transformation fully decomposed and composted.The carbon-nitrogen ratio at the end was 19.85:1,which met the requirements of decomposed materials;And the bulk density was 0.30g/cm3,the total porosity was 61.26%,the water holding porosity was 45.32%,the ventilation porosity was 15.94%,the EC value was 0.01mS/cm,the pH value was 7.96,all the physical and chemical properties reached the standard for tree light substrate seedlings.(2)The results shows that formula Ⅷ(low modified residue fermentation material:peat:perlite=2:6:2)was the most suitable formula for the growth of Camellia oleifera seedlings,the comprehensive evaluation is 0.72.Survival rate was 60%,germination rate of new shoots was 40%,seedling height was 10.16cm,chlorophyll content was 40.7;followed by formula II(low modified residue fermentation material:coconut bran:perlite=6:2:2),the comprehensive evaluation is 0.39.The comprehensive evaluation value of the growth index of Camellia oleifera seedlings grown under the above two formulas is higher than formula CK.Considering the physical and chemical properties of the matrix and the acid-loving properties of Camellia oleifera,and the use of the residue of Camellia oleifera low-yield forest fermentation to replace the peat,the formula which is most suitable for the growth of Camellia oleifera seedlings is selected as Ⅷ. |
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