The Research On Light Medium Seedlings Technique Of Superior Breed Of Camellia Oleifera

Camellia Oleifera is an important development woody oil plant in China and lots of camellia nursery stock breeding is needed in southern China. The survival rate of afforestation by the traditional naked-rooted seedlings was low, and the time of seedling recovering was long; Adopting new loess soils seedling-raising technique, the water retention property and air permeability was poor which was against seedling root growth, and that the handling labor intensity was big, and the transportation costs was high. Light medium seedlings had advantages of high seedlings quality, low transport costs, long plantation season, high survival rate, and non-time of seedling recovering, which was meaningful to be applied in Camellia Oleifera seedling. In order to reduce the cost of light medium seedlings and look for a substitute organic medium which was fit for growth of seedling and screen for the optimal light medium and optimal formulation which was fit for Camellia Oleifera seedling, this study separately carried out the composting technology of camellia shell medium, screening of light medium formula and comparison experiment on camellia superior breeds seedling. Main research results were listed as follows:1. Study on the Composting Technology of Camellia Shell Medium. The study used Camellia shell as raw material, through orthogonal experiment design with different nitrogen source and microbe and different carbon nitrogen ratio on camellia shell composting tests, to analyzed physicochemical properties changes of camellia shell medium, the result showed that the camellia shell required 50 day's fermentation to complete composting; carbon nitrogen ratio reduced after completed composting, especially EM bacteria effect on that ratio was most obvious which decreased carbon nitrogen ratio to below 20:1, and the ratio of seventh test was under 14.5:1; nitrogen source was the main factor of camellia shell composting, and compound fertilizer was distinct to affect void ratio, pH, EC and promoted camellia shell compost effectively; the composting effect of EM bacteria was better than that of BYM and Gymboree fermentation bacteria, but was little difference; the starting carbon nitrogen ratio was little affected on camellia shell compost. Finally, the conclusion that using compound fertilizer as nitrogen source and EM bacteria as microbe was the best method of composting technology of camellia shell medium, and it composted fully and had low cost and satisfied seedling requirements.2. The seedlings experiment on camellia shell, peat and pearlite. Using grid design method of mixing experiment design, we mixed camellia shell, peat and pearlite into different ratios for camellia oleifera seedlings experiment, and investigated and measured survival rate and growth index of camellia seedlings, estimated the effects of medium on camellia seedlings. The result showed that the different medium components had evident effects on the survival rate and growth index camellia seedlings; camellia shell could promote increase of lateral root quantity, but affect the survival rate, seedling height, the ground part fresh weight, lateral root length, root tip quantity bad; peat and pearlite was conducive to survival and growth of camellia seedlings and pearlite was benificial for growth of lateral root length; the seedlings effect on mixed formula of peat and perlite was better than the seedlings effect on single peat and single seedling; two excellent light medium formula were recommended to the production and application: camellia:shell:peat:pearlite were 0:6:4 and 0:7:3.3. The seedling experiment on peat, vermiculite, eucalyptus skin, and carbonized rice shell. Using core design method of mixing experiment design, we mixed peat, vermiculite, eucalyptus skin and carbonized rice shell into different ratios for camellia oleifera seedlings experiment, and investigated and measured survival rate and growth index of camellia seedlings, estimated the effects on medium to camellia seedlings. The result showed that the different medium components has evident effects on the survival rate and growth index camellia seedlings; eucalyptus skin could improve survival rate of camellia seedlings, when the proportion of eucalyptus skin and peat,eucalyptus skin and vermiculite both was 0.5:0.5, its survival rate reached 96.0% and 96.4% respectively, but eucalyptus skin restraind the growth of camellia seedlings; carbonized rice shell went against survival and growth of camellia seedlings; mixed formula of peat and vermiculite was conducive to growth of new tips and root of camellia seedlings, and was superior to single peat and single vermiculite; two excellent light medium formula were recommended to the production and application:peat: vermiculite:eucalyptus skin:carbonized rice shell were 4:4:2:0,5:3:2:0,6:2:2:0 or 7:1:2:0.4. The study on light medium seedling comparison of camellia superior breeds. Using the same medium for comparison of seedlings experiment on five camellia superior breeds which were'HuaShuo','HuaJin','HuaXin','XL210'and'XL4'. The result showed that the difference of growth status was obvious among various superior breeds; survival and growth status of HuaShuo's was the best, its survival rate and seedling height, ground diameter, the overground weight, underground weight and fibrous root quantity reached the biggest, and higher than another four breeds obviously; The fibrous root length of'HuaJin'reached 4.0cm which was longest, but fibrous root quantity was less; the growth status of'HuaXin'and'XL4'was weak in comparison, except the root-shoot ratio, other indexes were low.