Study On Germplasm Resources Screening,strain Comparison And Cultivation Techniques Of Dual-purpose Wheat

Forage is the material basis for the sustainable development of animal husbandry.The shortage of fresh green forage in winter has become one of the important factors restricting the development of animal husbandry in northern China.Grain-grass wheat can be mowed or grazed at the early stage of vegetative growth to feed livestock,and grain can be harvested after plant regeneration.At present,this kind of grain-grass wheat with seedling as grass and grain as grain has been widely used in the United States,Australia,Brazil and other countries.At the same time,it can provide a new way to solve the shortage of fresh green forage in winter in China,improve farmers’planting income and ensure food security.In order to screen out the wheat varieties（lines）suitable for planting in Guanzhong area of Shaanxi Province,and to explore the efficient cultivation measures of grain-grass wheat varieties（lines）,this study screened and identified the grain-grass characteristics of 300 wheat germplasm resources and comprehensively evaluated them,and carried out the strain comparison test on seven wheat varieties（lines）preliminarily screened by our research group with certain grain-grass potential.Finally,the supporting cultivation measures of varieties（lines）with better grain-grass utilization in the strain test were studied.The main results are as follows:1.By analyzing the vernalization stage development characteristics,winter forage yield,regeneration ability and grain yield of 300 wheat germplasm resources,it is concluded that weak spring and semi-winter wheat germplasm resources grow in tillering stage in Guanzhong area of Shaanxi Province.It is relatively fast,which is conducive to the accumulation of forage biomass in the early stage and is convenient for mowing and harvesting.It has better cold resistance in winter,and can be used as one of the important indicators for evaluating the performance of dual-purpose wheat.The number of tillers in winter was significantly positively correlated with the fresh weight yield of forage in winter（P<0.01）,indicating that the varieties with more tillers in winter were more beneficial to increase the yield of forage.Spring regeneration tillering was significantly positively correlated with grain yield（P<0.05）,indicating that spring regeneration tillering was closely related to grain yield,and germplasm resources with more spring regeneration tillering were more conducive to ensuring grain yield.Eight wheat germplasm resources with strong regeneration ability,high winter forage yield,high grain yield and better comprehensive performance were screened out,which were Dadi532,Longmai855,Lifeng6,WM353,Pubing326,Yongshun188,XN719,XN911 are suitable for use in breeding and production as dual-purpose wheat.2.Through the comparative analysis of the winter fresh green forage yield,agronomic characters,grain yield and comprehensive economic benefits of the 7 varieties（lines）with certain dual-purpose potential that were initially screened by the research group,compared with the control Zhoumai18,7 The agronomic characters of each cultivar（line）after winter mowing were suitable for the production conditions in Guanzhong area of Shaanxi Province.Among them,Zhoumai32 has more tillers in winter,Jimai8 has stronger regeneration ability in spring;Xinong136 has the highest yield of fresh green forage in winter,which is 19.35 t·hm^-2;Xinong119 has a grain yield of 8.80 t·hm^-2 increased by 4.76%compared with the control Zhoumai18,significantly higher than the other 6 varieties（lines）.The grain and grass comprehensive economic benefits of Jimai8hao and Xinong136 were 49.66%and 47.36%higher than that of Zhoumai 18,respectively.Based on the comprehensive evaluation of various indicators,Jimai8hao and Xinong136 showed outstanding performance,and were more suitable for popularization and application as grain-grass dual-purpose wheat varieties（lines）in Guanzhong region of Shaanxi Province.3.The main agronomic characters（tiller,plant height and growth period,etc.）and yield（forage yield and grain yield）of different cultivation measures of Xinong136 were analyzed using the variety（line）Xinong136 with better performance of both grain and forage.Impact.The results showed that the sowing date had a significant effect on plant height and panicle number（P<0.05）,and had a very significant effect on the fresh weight yield and grain yield of winter forage（P<0.01）.The fresh weight yield was the highest,and the grain yield at the sowing date of A2（October 4）was the highest;the amount of top dressing had no significant effect on plant height,1000-grain weight,grain number per ear,fresh weight yield of forage in winter,and grain yield（P>0.05）;The number of tillers in winter had a significant effect（P<0.05）and the fresh weight yield of forage in winter was extremely significant（P<0.01）.The number of tillers and fresh weight yield of forage increased with the increase of sowing rate,but the increase gradually decreased.The cultivation measures with the highest comprehensive economic benefit of grain and grass were A2（October 4th）sowing date,B2(90 kg·hm^-2)topdressing urea amount,and C2(4.5×10⁶ grain·hm^-2)sowing rate,which were higher than those of Zhoumai18 Single-grain income increased by 47.65%.This study clarified the suitable cultivation measures for the wheat variety Xinong136,which was used for Dual-purpose,and provided a basis for its popularization and application in Guanzhong area of Shaanxi and the same type of ecological area.