| As the only breed of poultry germplasm resources in Shaanxi Province,Lueyang black-bone chickens have received more and more attention in recent years.As a local breed,limited by local traditional culture and geographical conditions,a variety of rearing methods coexist.In this experiment,three local rearing modes were studied,and the growth performance,slaughter performance and immune performance of Lueyang black-bone chickens under different rearing modes;differences in the distribution of intestinal microbial communities;the correlation analysis of bacterial flora;and the use of absolute fluorescence quantitative PCR to analyze the differential flora under different rearing modes,to verify the results of 16 S RNA sequencing,and to analyze the interaction between flora,aiming to screen out the dominant flora under different rearing modes and the related flora affecting the digestion and absorption of nutrients in Lueyang black-bone chicken.the result shows:(1)There was no significant difference in the growth rate between the caged mode and the flat rearing mode(P > 0.05),and both were significantly higher than the free-range mode(P < 0.05).Free-range mode(P < 0.01).The disease incidence and mortality of Lueyang black-bone chickens under the flat rearing mode were lower;(2)The pre-slaughter body weight,carcass weight,breast muscle weight,and leg muscle weight of Lueyang black-bone chickens in the free-range group were significantly lower than those in the cage rearing group and the flat rearing group(P < 0.05).There was no significant difference in the slaughter performance indicators of the flat rearing group(P > 0.05),and the slaughtering rate of the cage rearing group was significantly higher than that of the free-range group(P < 0.05).(3)The content of Ig G and Ig M in Lueyang black-bone chickens in the flat rearing mode was higher than that in the caged group and the free-range group,and the Ig A content was significantly higher than that in the caged group(P < 0.05).There was no significant difference in the cage mode(P > 0.05),and the immune level of Lueyang black-bone chickens was higher in the flat rearing mode;(4)Different rearing modes changed the abundance ratio of intestinal flora in Lueyang black-bone chicken.The ratio of Firmicutes and Bacteroides in the intestine of caged group was the highest,and the free-range black chicken was the lowest.In addition,the proportion of Proteobacteria in the free-range mode higher than the other two groups,among which,the abundance of Escherichia-Shigella,Helicobacter and Campylobacter increased significantly;(5)A total of 21 different bacterial species at different taxonomic levels were found.Among them,the enriched microbial groups in the free-range group were mainly Enterobacteriaceae,Campylobacteria and Helicobacteraceae;the microbial groups enriched in the flat group are mainly Verrucomicrobia and Akkermansia;the microbial groups enriched in the cage group are mainly Ruminococcaceae,Clostridium Clostridia,Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes;(6)The villus height of the duodenum and jejunum of Lueyang black-bone chickens in the free-range group was significantly reduced(P < 0.05),the villus height of the ileum was extremely significantly reduced(P < 0.01),and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth was significantly reduced(P < 0.05),the digestion and absorption capacity of free-range Lueyang black-bone chickens was lower than that of caged and flat rearing mode;(7)The villus height in the small intestine was positively correlated with the relative abundance of Phascolarctobacterium and Faecalibacterium,and negatively correlated with the relative abundance of Campylobacter and Escherichia-Shigella.The crypt depth was negatively correlated with Akkermansia,and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth was negatively correlated with the abundance of Prevotella＿UCG-001 and Helicobacter;(8)The content of harmful bacteria Escherichia coli and Campylobacter in the intestinal tract of free-range chickens was significantly higher than that in flat rearing and cage rearing(P < 0.01),and the expressions of Lactobacillus and Bacteroides were significantly lower(P< 0.01).The expression level of Campylobacter in the intestinal tract of flat rearing chickens was significantly higher than that in caged chickens(P < 0.01),and the above results were consistent with the 16 S RNA sequencing data in this study.To sum up,different rearing modes have a significant impact on the growth performance,slaughter performance and immune performance of Lueyang black-bone chickens.Comprehensive evaluation,the flat rearing mode is more suitable for scientific rearing of Lueyang black-bone chickens.The research on the abundance difference of intestinal flora and the correlation analysis of flora and intestinal tissue morphology has laid a theoretical foundation for screening the dominant flora of intestine and the different flora affecting villus tissue morphology,establishing the healthy breeding standard of Lueyang black-bone chicken,improving the nutritional level of Lueyang black-bone chicken,and screening the dominant bacteria as probiotic additives. |
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