| The consumption of water and fertilizer in agricultural production is large,and crops are prone to profit and loss at different growth stages.Under conventional irrigation,soil water and fertilizer holding capacity in root zone is poor,resulting in low utilization efficiency of water and fertilizer.Therefore,greenhouse tomato as the research object in this study,on the basis of the theory of deficit irrigation,combined with improved indirectly underground drip irrigation technology,explore in water/biogas slurry application cases,the integrative indicators in different growth stages of tomato growth,yield and water use efficiency,quality and soil environment on the response of different water supply,in order to rich biogas slurry agricultural technology.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)Water and nutrient deficiencies in different growth periods had significant effects on tomato growth.Plant height and stem diameter of tomato showed greater sensitivity to water and nutrient deficiencies at seedling and flowering and fruit-setting stages,and both decreased with the incr ease of the lower limit of deficit.The leaf area of tomato was sensitive with water and nutrient deficiencies during the whole growth stage,and severe deficit(60% FC)would seriously inhibit the formation of leaf area.The maximum plant height,stem dia meter and leaf area were obtained in T3 treatment at the end of the growth period,followed by T9 treatment,and the smallest in T10 treatment.(2)The dry matter quality of tomato was proportional to the irrigation amount in each growth period,and the main root length showed the opposite changing law.At the end of the growth period,T9 treatment obtained the maximum dry matter accumulation,and T4 treatment obtained the maximum main root length.The root-shoot ratio was proportional to the amount of irri gation in the seedling stage,but showed the opposite changing law in the later stage.(3)Water and nutrient deficiencies in different growth periods had a greater impact on the formation of tomato yield.The flowering and fruit setting period is the key period that affects the yield formation,and moderate deficit at the seedling stage can effectively improve the tomato yield.The final tomato yield showed the law of T2>T9>T3>T8>T7>T6>T5>T1>T4>T10,and the T2 treatment was more than 19.00%higher than the T10 treatment.Adjusted deficit irrigation in the middle and late stages of tomato growth can effectively improve the water use efficiency,and the water use efficiency of each biogas slurry irrigation treatment is higher than that of the control treatment,and T7 treatment is 25.00% higher than T10 treatment.(4)Deficit irrigation in different growth stages of tomato had a significant effect on quality(P<0.05).Among them,the best value was obtained under the treatment at the ripening stage.The highes t vitamin C,soluble solids,soluble protein and fruit firmness were obtained in the T7 treatment,and the soluble solids,soluble protein and fruit firmness were increased by more than 25.00% compared with the control.And the T9 treatment was significantly more effective in improving the fruit shape ratio and fruit water content of tomatoes.Combined with the TOPSIS evaluation results based on the combined weighting method and the combined evaluation,it can be seen that the T7 treatment can obtain the be st quality of tomato,followed by the T5 treatment,and the biogas slurry irrigation is better than the chemical fertilizer control group.It can effectively improve the comprehensive quality and benefit of tomato.(5)The soil moisture content of the plan ned moist layer in the root zone of tomato varies greatly between different treatments at the flowering and fruit setting stage and the maturity stage,while the moisture change in the seedling stage is small.Considering the growth and quality of tomato,it is recommended to water 3 times at the seedling stage,4 times at the flowering and fruit setting stage,and 5 times at the mature stage.The p H value of the soil in the root zone decreased gradually with the depth of the soil layer,and the biogas slur ry irrigation could significantly improve the soil p H value and reduce the p H value.Soil organic matter content and organic carbon content had similar trends,both increased first and then decreased along the soil depth,and reached the maximum value at t he depth of 10-20 cm. |
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