| Blueberry is a perennial medium and low type shrub of Vaccinium(vacdium.spp)in Ericaceae,with dark blue fruit and rich nutritional value.At present,the cultivation area and yield of blueberries in China have leapt to the first in the world.By 2021,nearly 90% of areas in Guizhou Province have blueberry cultivation,with the total area and yield ranking first in China.At present,the cultivation of blueberries in Guizhou mountainous areas is still based on the traditional production method.At the same time,the "Yungui zhunjing and stopping the front" has led to low sunshine and rainy weather in Guizhou Plateau,which has affected the growth of blueberry plants and fruit quality.In the blueberry industry,there has been an adverse situation of incremental falling price and volume for price.In order to explore the regulation and improvement of light and rain shelter facilities on blueberry physiology and biochemistry and fruit quality,the main varieties in Guizhou: Britewell of vacuum ashei,Southern highbush blueberry Emerald and North highbush blueberry Legacy as the objects,and the physiological and biochemical indexes such as soluble sugar,peroxidase and chlorophyll in blueberry leaves and fruit quality such as anthocyanin,soluble sugar and protein in blueberry fruits were studied under different light regulation and rain shelter conditions,Provide technical reference and theoretical support for the blueberry industry to improve quality and efficiency.The research results are as follows:1.Effects of light regulation on physiology and biochemistry of blueberry.The promoting effect of 2 h light on the soluble sugar content of blueberry leaves was red and blue light > red light > blue light;With the increase of light supply time,the effect of red light on the increase of soluble sugar content in leaves was more significant.When the light supply time was 6 h,the red blue compound light would reduce the soluble sugar content in leaves.When the light supply time was 6 h,it showed the promoting effect of red light > red blue compound light > blue light.With the increase of light supply time,the content of peroxidase in blueberry leaves increased,but the growth trend slowed down gradually.In general,the promoting effect of light quality on peroxidase was greater in red blue compound light than in red light or blue light.The content of chlorophyll and carotenoid was positively correlated with the duration of light supplement.The effect of light quality on the content of chlorophyll and carotenoid in blueberry leaves was red blue compound light > red light > blue light.Compared with the control group without light supplement,the physiological and biochemical indexes of blueberry were significantly improved in light regulation.2.Effects of light regulation on fruit quality of blueberry.The single fruit weight of blueberry increased with the extension of light supply time,showing the promoting effect of red blue compound light > red light > blue light.Under light control,the fruit type index of Britewell and Legacy did not change significantly,while the Emerald fruit developed to a near round shape.The transverse and longitudinal diameter of blueberry fruit changed little under short light supply,but increased significantly under long light supply.The contents of protein and anthocyanin in blueberry fruit were positively correlated with the duration of light supplement,and the promoting effect was red and blue light > blue light > red light;There were differences among varieties.The anthocyanin content of Britewell and Legacy reached the maximum at 6 h of red and blue light,while that of Emerald was 6 h of blue light.The content of soluble sugar in blueberry fruit increased with the increase of light supply time.The promoting effect of light quality on soluble sugar in blueberry fruit was red and blue light > red light > blue light;The content of titratable acid in fruit increased under short-time light supply and decreased under long-time light supply.The inhibitory effect of blue light on titratable acid was stronger than that of red light and red blue compound light.Overall,the fruit quality of blueberry under light control was significantly improved compared with the control group.3.Effects of rain sheltering cultivation on physiology and biochemistry of blueberry.The content of soluble sugar in blueberry leaves under rainproof facilities was significantly higher than that under open cultivation,showing the promotion effect of scattering film > PE film >open cultivation.The content of peroxidase in blueberry leaves at flowering stage showed that the content of scattering film and PE film was higher than that of open field culture;In the young fruit stage,the scattering film > open field cultivation > PE film;Blueberry fruit ripening showed scattering film > PE film > open cultivation.The chlorophyll content of blueberry at flowering stage showed PE film > scattering film > open field cultivation;In the young fruit stage of blueberry,scattering film > PE film > open field cultivation;The chlorophyll content of blueberry under scattering film was close to that of open field culture,and both of them were higher than that of PE film.The content of carotenoids in leaves of three blueberry varieties was the highest under scattering film at flowering,young fruit and mature stages,followed by PE film and open field cultivation.In general,the rain proof cultivation is more conducive to the growth of blueberry plants than the open field cultivation.4.Effects of rain sheltering cultivation on fruit quality of blueberry.The horizontal and vertical diameter and single fruit weight of blueberry under open field cultivation were greater than those under rainproof cultivation,but the difference was not significant.The fruit type index of blueberry under rainproof cultivation was similar to that under open field cultivation.The contents of soluble protein and soluble sugar in blueberry fruit under rainproof cultivation were significantly higher than those under open cultivation,and the content of organic acid in blueberry fruit under rainproof cultivation was the lowest.The soluble protein contents of Britewell,Emerald and Legacy fruits under scattering film were 17.23%,14.10% and 15.65%higher than those under open cultivation in respectively.The anthocyanin content of Britewell and Emerald fruits under scattering film and open field cultivation was close to and slightly higher than that under PE film.The anthocyanin content of Legacy fruits showed open field cultivation > scattering film > PE film.The other key indexes of fruit quality and taste of blueberry under rainproof cultivation were better than those under open cultivation,except that the blueberry fruit was slightly smaller. |
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