Ecosystem-based Comparative Research On Marine Fishery Management Between China And Canada

Marine fishery resources are an important material source for the development of Marine economy,with the characteristics of commonness,migration and uncertainty.These characteristics inevitably become the objective factors of the decline of fishery resources,and the subjective reasons for the "tragedy of the commons" are Overexploitation of marine fishery resources by resource users.With the destruction of fisheries and their habitats by human activities,fishery management has been gradually emphasized,and its management concept has also shifted from resource development to resource protection and quality benefits.However,traditional marine fishery management has been unable to effectively protect and utilize marine fishery resources,and it is difficult to fundamentally curb the decline of fishery resources.Starting from my country’s own situation,it is mainly because of imperfect fishery laws and regulations,imperfect fishery management system,and incomplete fishery management measures.In order to realize the sustainable utilization of fishery resources,countries have carried out theoretical and empirical researches,constantly enriched and improved marine fishery management theory,and tried to combine ecosystem theory with traditional fishery management theory.Promotion and recognition.In 1992,the United Nations convened the Summit on Environment and Development,which gave full attention to the ecosystem.Subsequently,a large number of marine fishery documents incorporating the ecosystem approach were released one after another.Some regional fishery organizations also called on countries to adopt the ecosystem approach to manage fisheries.Canada was an early move towards ecosystem-based management of marine fisheries,enacting provisions in fisheries laws that covered the ecosystem approach.However,in my country,the fishery management method is still dominated by input control and output control,and it takes less consideration of the ecosystem.Obviously,it is difficult to fundamentally break through the current predicament of marine fishery resources.Therefore,by comparing the Marine fishery management of China and Canada,and drawing lessons from Canada’s advanced experience in the field of Marine fishery management,it can provide experience and enlightenment for the construction of Marine fishery management based on the ecosystem management paradigm.This paper adopts the methods of comparative research and historical research,and by sorting out the paradigm of ecosystem management,enriches the theory and institutional system of marine fishery management based on ecosystem,expounds the specific connotation of ecosystem,and compares and summarizes the historical evolution of fishery management in China and Canada.,the status of marine fishery resources,fishery laws and regulations,management system,management measures,and finally put forward the realization path of ecosystem-based marine fishery management in my country.The specific contents of this study are as follows:First of all,the theoretical basis is summarized,including ecosystem concept,ecosystem management theory,and ecosystem-based marine fishery management theory.From the perspective of historical evolution and resource status,Canada has more obvious geographical advantages,wider distribution of fishery resources,and a longer history of fishery management.my country and Canada have similar management development processes,but they are still in the ecosystem-based marine fishery.Manage the initial stage.Secondly,to discuss and analyze the similarities and differences of Chinese and Canadian fishery laws and regulations.The two are quite different in terms of legislative purpose and content.my country needs to further implement the ecosystem concept into the law.Thirdly,comparing the fishery management systems based on ecosystems in China and Canada,and researching from the aspects of institutional settings and functional scope,my country is relatively lacking in the setting of integrated fishery management institutions,and the fishery administration management capabilities are not concentrated enough.Finally,this paper summarizes the marine fishery management measures of China and Canada,which can learn from Canada’s observer system and fishing quota system to master more complete fishery resource information and fundamentally solve the dilemma of fishery resource decline.Based on the comparative study of management profiles,laws and regulations,systems and measures in China and Canada,this paper constructs China’s ecosystem-based marine fishery management path from macro and micro levels.Countermeasures such as quota fishing system,improvement of fishery fishing supervision system,and encouragement of public participation in fishery governance.