Effects Of Root Interaction On Water And Nitrogen Distribution And Absorption And Utilization In Fruit And Bean Systems

As one of the most effective measures and approaches to reduce soil erosion,increase biodiversity,improve land utilization and improve farmers’benefits,agroforestry is widely used all over the world.The agroforestry system has a strong regionality,and there are obvious differences in the agroforestry system in different regions.In order to propose the suitable intercropping species combination in Ili area,this paper uses Yining County apple intercrop with soybean（AS）,plumcot intercrop with soybean（PS）,monocropping soybean（MS）,monocropping apple（MA）and monocropping plumcot（MP）system as the research object to explore the effects of the fruits/soybean system on the systematic yield,soil moisture and soil nutrients of fruit trees and crops,quantitatively analyze the dynamic changes of fine roots,soil moisture and soil nutrients in different intercropping systems,and quantify the intercropping of fruit farmers.The system’s utilization of land,water and nitrogen,and the relationship between the root system and soil resources in the system were further analyzed,aimed to provide an important basic theory and decision-making basis for the combination of agroforestry species in this area.Research indicates:1.Intercropping fruit tree improved the root distribution among the systems,and the fine roots of the intercropped apple were more concentrated at 50 cm from the tree than the intercropped plumcot.And the fine roots of the intercropped apples were mainly distributed in the soil layer of 20–60 cm,the fine roots of intercropping plumcot were mainly distributed in the soil layer of 0–40 cm.In comparison,the fine roots of intercropping apple were deeper,which can reduce the competition between species and had the advantage of spatial structure.2.In the intercropping model,the areas with large fluctuations in soil water content were mainly concentrated in shallow soil and in the overlapping area of the fruit trees and soybean roots.The water equivalence ratio under AS and PS treatments was WUR_AS=1.56>WUR_PS=1.48>1.Both intercropping modes can improve the water use efficiency of orchards,and the AS system has more advantages in water use.3.In the intercropping model,the areas with large fluctuations in soil nitrate nitrogen content were mainly concentrated in the shallow soil and in the overlapping area of the fruit trees and soybean roots.The nitrogen productivity equivalent ratio under AS and PS treatments was NPER_AS=1.96>NPER_PS=1.86>1,both intercropping modes could improve orchard nitrogen productivity,and the AS system has more advantages in nitrogen utilization.4.Correlation analysis and linear regression analysis showed that in MA and AS treatments,the distribution of fine roots was easily affected by SWC,SNC,HD and ST,while compared with monocropping and intercropping apples,fine roots in MP and PS were not easily affected by soil resources.5.Fruit tree intercrop with soybean increased the soybean’s plant height and leaf area in the whole growth period of soybean,and reduced the stem diameter.PS increased the nitrogen content of soybean leaves,AS increased the nitrogen content of soybean fruit,and intercropping decreased the yield of fruit trees and soybeans,but LER_AS=1.45>LER_PS=1.36>1,AS were more productive.Therefore,this study believed that the AS planting model in Yining County had greater production advantages than the PS model,and had a higher promotion and application value.