| Egg is one of the important protein sources,the production of laying hens plays an important role in poultry production in Our country,and the healthy breeding of laying hens has become one of the focuses of animal husbandry research.Bamboo leaf flavonoids(BLF)is a potential feed additive for improving animal production and giving consideration to economic and social benefits.It has a wide production source,a large stock and many biological characteristics such as antioxidant,lipid-lowering,anti-stress and so on.In order to explore the effects of Bamboo leaf flavonoids on laying performance,egg quality,serum physiological and biochemical indices and fecal flora of laying hens,360 Xiaoshan hens aged 38 weeks with no significant difference in body weight were randomly divided into 6 groups with 6 replicates per group and 10 hens per replicate.The control group was fed a basal diet,the positive control group was added 0.4‰bacitracin zinc,group Ⅱ(basal diet+0.75‰BLF),group Ⅱ(basal diet+1.5‰BLF),group Ⅲ(basal diet+2.25‰BLF),group Ⅳ(basal diet+3.0‰BLF),the trial period a for 90 days.During this period,the number of eggs produced and the weight of eggs were recorded daily,and the residual feed was scanned every 5 days to calculate the average daily feed intake and the ratio of feed to egg.Two batches of fresh eggs were collected every 30 days to measure egg quality and stored for 12 days(5 eggs each replicate).At 60d and 90d,2 eggs were selected for subwing vein blood sampling to measure serum physiological and biochemical indexes,and feces were collected for microflora analysis at the end of the experiment.1.Effects of BLF on laying performance of Xiaoshan hensAfter 30 days of experiment,compared with control group,the feed to egg ratio in group Ⅱwas significantly increased(P<0.05),and the laying rate in groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ was significantly decreased(P<0.05).After 60 days,the feed to egg ratio of group Ⅱ was significantly increased(P<0.05);The laying rate in groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ was significantly decreased(P<0.05).After 90 days of experiment,the feed to egg ratio in positive control group,groups Ⅰ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ was significantly decreased compared with control group(P<0.05);The average daily feed intake of positive control group and group Ⅲ was significantly decreased(P<0.05).The laying rate in groups Ⅰ,Ⅲand Ⅳ was significantly increased(P<0.05);Compared with control group,there was no significant difference in laying rate between positive control group and Ⅱ group(P>0.05).BLF supplementation in diets at late laying stage can reduce feed to egg ratio and increase laying rate,and 0.75‰BLF supplementation group has the best effect.2.Effect of BLF on the quality of Fresh egg of Xiaoshan hensFor fresh eggs,after 30 days of experiment,the pH of concentrated egg white in group Ⅰ was significantly lower than that in control group,positive control group and group Ⅳ(P<0.05),and the pH of concentrated egg white in group Ⅱ was significantly lower than that in group Ⅳ(P<0.05),eggshell strength of groups Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ was significantly increased(P<0.05),which was also significantly higher than that in positive control group(P<0.05);After 60 days of experiment,eggshell strength in control group and BLF supplemental group was significantly higher than that in positive control group(P<0.05).After 90 days of experiment,eggshell strength in groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅳ was significantly increased compared with positive control group(P<0.05).After 60 days of experiment,the sphericity of egg shape index in positive control group,group Ⅲand group Ⅳ was significantly decreased(P<0.05),the sphericity of egg shape index in groups Ⅰand Ⅱ was significantly increased compared with that in positive control group(P<0.05).0.75‰BLF supplementation can increase the egg sphericity,decrease the egg shape index,improve the eggshell strength and reduce the pH of fresh egg white,but it has no adverse effect on other egg appearance indexes and egg quality indexes.3.Effects of BLF on egg quality preserved for 12 daysAfter 30 days of experiment,for eggs stored for 12 days,the Haugh unit of group Ⅱ was significantly higher than that of control group(P<0.05),while the Haugh unit of positive control group was significantly lower than that of control group(P<0.05).The pH of concentrated albumen in group Ⅳ was significantly higher than that in control group and groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ(P<0.05);After 30 days of experiment,the yolk index of experimental group Ⅰ was significantly higher than that of experimental groups Ⅲ and Ⅳ.The yolk water content in BLF supplemental group was significantly higher than that in control group and positive control group(P<0.05),and that in positive control group was significantly higher than that in control group(P<0.05).In general,0.75‰BLF supplementation increased Haugh units in the early stage of the experiment,high dose BLF supplementation increased the pH of concentrated albumen,and BLF supplementation increased the moisture content of yolk and increased yolk index.After 30 days of experiment,the egg weight loss rate of BLF supplemental group and positive control group was significantly lower than that of control group after 12 days of storage(P<0.05),and the egg weight loss rate of BLF supplemental group was significantly lower than that of positive control group(P<0.05).After 60 days,the egg weight loss rate in BLF supplemental group was significantly lower than that in positive control group(P<0.05),and the egg weight loss rate in group Ⅰ was significantly lower than that in control group(P<0.05).After 90 days of experiment,the egg weight loss rate in group Ⅰ tended to be lower than that in positive control group(P<0.1),that is,BLF could reduce the egg weight loss rate during egg storage,and the egg weight loss rate was positively correlated with the dose,and 0.75‰ group had the best effect.4.Effects of BLF on Blood physiology and Biochemical indices of Xiaoshan hensIn terms of serum biochemical indices,Total protein in group Ⅲ was significantly higher than that in group Ⅱ(P<0.05).Triglyceride in group Ⅱ was significantly lower than that in control group,groups Ⅰ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ(P<0.05).Creatinine in group Ⅲ was significantly higher than that in control group,positive control group and Ⅳ group(P<0.05).Catalase in group Ⅰ was significantly higher than that in control group,positive control group,groups Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ(P<0.05).Malondialdehyde in group Ⅱ was significantly lower than that in groups Ⅰ,Ⅲ and positive control group(P<0.05).Compared with control group and positive control group,the total cholesterol in BLF group was decreased but not significantly(P>0.05).In general,1.5‰BLF can reduce blood lipid,and 0.75‰BLF can improve catalase activity.In terms of serum physiological indexes,after 60 days of experiment,the platelets in groupsⅡ,Ⅳ and positive control group were significantly lower than those in control group(P<0.05),and the platelets in group Ⅰ were significantly lower than those in positive control group(P<0.05).The positive control group was significantly lower than the control group and BLF added group(P<0.05);The platelet volume in groups Ⅱ,Ⅳ and positive control group was significantly lower than that in control group,and that in positive control group was significantly lower than that in group Ⅰ(P<0.05);After 90 days of experiment,the platelet volume of group Ⅱ was significantly higher than that of control group,positive control group,test group Ⅰ and test group Ⅲ(P<0.05).BLF supplementation can change the number,volume and distribution of platelets.5.Effects of BLF on fecal microbial of Xiaoshan hensThe analysis of the TOP 10 bacteria at the genus and phylum level as the dominant flora showed that Fusobacteriota significantly increased at the level of phylum,Firmicutes significantly decreased at the level of group BLF150 and group BLF225,Romboustia significantly increased.Clostridium-sens-stricto-1 in BLF150 group was significantly higher than that in other groups,and Rikenellacea-RC9-gut-group in BLF group was significantly lower than that in the two control groups.Moreover,Stenotrophomonas,Staphylococcus,Novosphingobium,Allorhizobium-Neorhizobium,Serratia and other genera not listed in the figure all showed significant differences.The results showed that BLF could increase the laying rate and decrease the ratio of feed to egg at the later stage of laying.The increase of sphericity increased the eggshell strength,increased the moisture content of egg yolk during preservation,and reduced the egg weight loss rate,which was strongly correlated with the dose.Added after the blood test found that bamboo leaves flavonoids can change platelet related properties such as quantity,volume,distribution status,have fall hematic fat action,don’t change the fecal flora diversity,but can adjust the structure of bacteria,reduce the bacteroidetes/door is the ratio of thick wall bacteria,bacteria can reduce the conversion efficiency,improve the clostridium difficile,digestive streptococcus abundance.This experiment provided a theoretical basis for the application of bamboo leaf flavonoids in livestock and poultry production,and provided a certain guiding significance for the subsequent development and utilization of bamboo resources. |
PDF Full Text Request