| Rice is one of the major food crops in the world.At present,one-half of the world’s population depends on rice.In arid and semi-arid areas,frequent drought disasters and serious shortage of water resources not only limit the application of traditional rice planting mode,but also have a great impact on the yield and quality of rice,which seriously threatens the grain production in China.Widely planted rice is seriously restricted by water resources,so the research and popularization of the high-efficiency water-saving technology of drip irrigation under mulch in dry farming has broad prospects.This study conducted demonstration and promotion of high-efficiency water-saving technology of rice under mulched drip irrigation in dryland in Sumu townships such as Yindeer Town and Haolibao Town of Zhalaite Qi,Xingan Meng of Inner Mongolia from 2018 to 2020.Through the promotion and demonstration of four main contents:1.Comparative study of dry-seeded rice varieties in different regions;2.Demonstration study of the different sowing methods on rice under mulched drip irrigation in dryland;3.Demonstration study on the effect of film mulching on rice yield in dryland;4.Demonstration study of the different sowing methods on rice under mulched drip irrigation in dryland.The results are as follows:1.Comparative study of dry-seeded rice varieties in different regionsIt is suitable for Zhalaite Qi area,with annual precipitation of 430 mm and accumulated temperature of 2400～2600°C.In Yindeer Town,Suijing 18 and Xingyu13A04 have good performance,and the yield is better than other varieties.The yield is570.50 kg/667 m~2and 482.40 kg/667 m~2,respectively.In Haolibao town,two varieties of Xingyu 13A04 and Wulan 186 showed good performance,and the yield was 592.7 kg/667m~2and 580.48 kg/667 m~2,respectively.This experiment suggested that Xingyu 13A04should be popularized and applied in Zhalaite Qi,Xingan Meng of Inner Mongolia.2.Demonstration study of the different sowing methods on rice under mulched drip irrigation in drylandAdopt the effect of bridge sowing under ordinary black film treatment was the best.The plant height,ear length,100-grain weight,and yield were higher than those of other sowing methods.The yield reached 751.42 kg/667 m~2(demonstration field 1)and570.50 kg/667 m~2(demonstration field 2),which were 20.51%and 36.20%higher than that of the direct seeding(control).In short,the ridge sowing method was a better sowing method in this experiment.Therefore,it is the key to increase rice yield by selecting suitable sowing methods through supporting technologies.3.Demonstration study on the effect of film mulching on rice yield in drylandAdopt the yield increase effect was obvious by using fully bio-degradable plast ic film,which was 14.85%higher than that by using ordinary plastic film treatme nt and 22.63%higher than that by no-film treatment.The water-saving and fertilize r-saving technology of drip irrigation under the integrated film for dry-seeded rice h as remarkable yield-increasing effect.It is suggested that the common film should b e replaced by the fully biodegradable film to make full use of the advantages of th is technology and carry out a certain area of popularization4.Survey on input-output material quantity of rice production demonstration und er mulched drip irrigation in dryland for many yearsAfter three years of research popularization,the cultivation technology of dry-seeded rice under mulched drip irrigation has become a key agricultural innovation technology that can be popularized and replicated in Haolibao Town and Yindeer Town of Zhalaite Qi,Xingan Meng of Inner Mongolia,and has realized the transformation of rice planting mode.In terms of economic benefits,the average input of planting,fertilizer,machinery,plant protection and other aspects is 600 yuan/667 m~2,the yield is 500 kg/667 m~2,the purchase price is 1.6 yuan per kilogram,and the average annual net income is 1000 yuan/667 m~2.In terms of ecological benefits,this technology realizes water saving and fertilizer saving,and solves the problem of restricting the development of rice productions.The water consumption of dry-seeded film cultivation technology of rice was about 300 m~3/667 m~2,which was 1000 m~3/667 m~2less than that of conventional rice cultivation,700 m~3less than that of conventional rice cultivation,and the maximum water consumption could be saved by about 70%.Dry farming of rice improved rice resistance and reduced soil pesticide residues.The rice produced by selecting high-quality varieties had reached the national standard of secondary rice of japonica rice in Northeast China.In terms of social benefits,the use of this technology can save water,time and labor.The high-efficiency and water-saving cultivation technology of drip irrigation under mulch for dry rice saves the links such as buckle shed,pull soil,rake land,transplanting,seedling raising,and soaking field.After soil preparation,it can be directly planted in the later stage,and the film pipe laying can be operated one-time to complete the operation,which reduces the labor intensity and labor process of rice planting,and can be widely demonstrated and popularized in the same ecological environment.In this study,through the promotion and demonstration of efficient water-saving cultivation technology of multi-point rice under mulched drip irrigation in dryland for many years,the purpose of saving water,time and labor,increasing production and efficiency was achieved,and better economic,ecological and social benefits were achieved.The results of this study provide a technical reference for efficient water-saving cultivation techniques of rice under mulched drip irrigation in dryland. |
