Effects Of Different Agronomic Practices On The Growth And Soil Environment Of Cabbage

Drought and low rainfall in spring and summer and large diurnal temperature differences in the Liupanshan region of Ningxia are environmental factors that limit the development of crop growth.Meanwhile,the agronomic system for mechanized production of cabbage in the Liupanshan region has not yet been clarified,which is not conducive to the development of the cabbage industry towards efficient and standardized production methods.Experiment 1 was conducted in a field by applying the mulching cultivation technique,using cabbage as the research object and covering white common mulch as the control(CK).The effects of covering black common mulch(T1),white and black biodegradable mulch(T2 and T3),permeable mulch(T4)and overlay mulch(T5)on the soil environment,water and fertiliser use efficiency and cabbage yield were investigated,and after comprehensive comparative analysis,suitable mulch types for the region were screened.The films were selected for their suitability for use in the region.In experiment 2,a 3-factor,3-level quadratic regression orthogonal experiment was carried out with ’Zhong Gan 15’ as the test material,with 80%,45%and 10%light transmission rate of the mulch,0,15 and 30 cm monopoly height,and 30,35 and 40 d transplanted seedlings.The effects of different factors on soil environment and cabbage yield were analysed by developing response surface models.The main findings of the study were as follows.(1)Different types of mulch differed in their water retention and insulation,with soils covered with plain white mulch(CK)maintaining relatively high temperatures,followed by white biodegradable mulch(T2),while black biodegradable mulch and permeable mulch were affected by degradation and microporous structural properties,with some soil heat combined with water evaporating and soil moisture and temperature trending lower compared to the control,and treatments with relatively intact membrane structure maintaining higher The treatments with relatively intact membrane structure maintained higher soil temperature and water content.The moisture content of the soil covered by T4 increased significantly into the rainy season.(2)Different types of mulch can regulate soil fertility and enzyme activity.The effect of different types of mulch on soil fertility and enzyme activity indicators is different and the pattern of change is not comprehensive.25.6%,36.6%,25.4%(3)Different types of mulches regulate the growing environment of cabbage and change the efficiency of water and fertilizer utilization.From the combination of water utilization rate and fertilizer bias productivity,black biodegradable mulch film had water utilization rate of 16.8 kg/m3 and fertilizer bias productivity of 16.3 kg/kg,permeable film(T4)had water utilization rate of 16.1 kg/m3 and fertilizer bias productivity of 15.6 kg/m3,both of which had the highest water and fertilizer utilization efficiency,followed by white biodegradable film(T2),(T5)and black common mulch(T1),while common mulch(CK)had the lowest water and fertilizer use efficiency with water use efficiency and fertilizer bias productivity of 13.1 kg/m3 and 12.7 kg/kg,respectively.(4)Treatments T3,T4 and T5 had the highest economic yield and economic benefits of cabbage,and the top 3 treatments in terms of overall soil fertility,enzyme activity,water and fertiliser use efficiency,economic yield and benefits were T5,T3 and T4,respectively,after comprehensive analysis of overall soil fertility,enzyme activity,water and fertiliser use efficiency,economic yield and benefits through principal component and affiliation functions.The study concluded that black biodegradable mulch,permeable mulch and coloured mulch could be used to replace white mulch in production,with black biodegradable mulch performing best.(5)The main and secondary factors affecting the overall environmental index of soil are transplanting seedling age,starting height and mulch light transmission rate,the higher the overall environmental index of soil is when the mulch light transmission rate is at high or very low light transmission rate and the older the seedling age is,the higher the overall environmental index of soil is.The interaction between starting height and mulch light transmittance,mulch light transmittance and transplanting age had a significant effect on yield,with cabbage yield increasing when starting height was lower and mulch light transmittance was lower,or when starting height was higher and mulch light transmittance was higher.(6)Based on the fitted model and the regression equation for the variable intervals,the optimal parameters for each factor after optimization were obtained as follows:the starting height of 30 cm,80%light transmission rate of the mulch,and 38 d of seedling age,when the overall soil environment index and cabbage yield performed best.The study concluded that black biodegradable mulch film,permeable mulch film and overlay film could be used to replace white mulch film in practical production,among which black biodegradable mulch film performed best.30 cm monopoly height,80%light transmittance mulch film and 38 d seedling age were the best agronomic measures for cabbage cultivation to improve soil environment and increase cabbage yield.