Effects Of Plant Row Spacing Configuration On Water Use And Yield Of Wheat Of Different Plant Types

The shortage of water resources is the main factor restricting winter wheat production in Haihe Plain.Reducing the ineffective water consumption of soil evaporation,making full use of natural rainfall and soil water,and improving water use efficiency are important ways for the sustainable development of wheat production in Haihe Plain.The appropriate arrangement of plant row spacing and variety combination is of great significance for optimizing the canopy structure,changing the water consumption characteristics and yield structure of farmland.However,due to the constraints of traditional experience and sowing machinery,most wheat production in Haihe Plain uses 15 cm equal row spacing sowing,and the combination with plant type of varieties is less.Based on this,from 2020 to 2021,in Xinji City in the north of the North China Plain,three plant type wheat varieties were used as test materials:compact variety(Shinong 958),semi compact variety(Malan 1),loose variety(Luyuan 502).Under equal density conditions,there are four types of line spacing:7.5 cm,15 cm,22.5 cm,and 30 cm.Study the effect of plant type and row spacing combination on water use and yield formation in wheat fields.The main research findings are as follows:1.Shrinking and unifying plants can effectively reduce water consumption during the growth period.Due to the uniform coverage of wheat plants in the reduced row and uniform plant treatment,the exposed soil is greatly reduced.During the growth process of wheat,the changes in soil volume moisture content mainly occur in the 0～120 cm soil layer.The soil moisture content in the wide row spacing treatment is relatively low,and the shrinking row and uniform plant treatment helps to increase soil moisture storage and reduce consumption.There is a negative correlation between the total water consumption during the growth period and the row spacing.Shrinking the row and unifying the plant can effectively reduce the water consumption during the growth period,which is 1.7%～4.2%lower than the 15 cm row spacing,2.7%～6.0%lower than the 22.5 cm row spacing,and 5.7%～4.5%lower than the 30 cm row spacing.2.Shrinking the uniform plant can slow down the differentiation process of young spikes,significantly increase the number of stem tillers at the jointing,pumping and flowering stages,and increase the leaf area index and dry matter accumulation in each period.The effect on the number of stem tillers at the ripening stage of different plant types was different,and the effect on the compact variety Shinong 958 was not significant,which was conducive to the increase of stem tillers in the mature stage of the semi-compact variety Maran No.1,and was not conducive to the increase of the number of stem tillers in the mature stage of the loose variety Luyuan 502.3.Shrinking the row and unifying the plant have a positive impact on the grain weight of three types of winter wheat.It is beneficial to increase Vmax and Vmean in the upper and middle parts of semi compact wheat varieties,thereby increasing the filling rate of the entire spike.It has adverse effects on the filling rate of the upper and lower parts of the compact variety wheat spike,but is beneficial for the increase of V1,T2,T3,W1,W2,and W3 in the lower part of the spike.It has adverse effects on the filling rate of the upper,lower,and whole ear of loose type wheat,but is beneficial for the increase ofTi,T2,T3,W1,W2,and W3 in the upper part of the ear.This may be due to differences in canopy distribution due to different plant types,which in turn affects light interception and grain filling characteristics.4.Shrinking the row and unifying the plant can significantly improve yield and WUE,with Malan 1 having the highest yield and WUE of 11271.36 kg/hm2 and 24.6 kg/hm2/mm,respectively.The impact on the number of grains per spike is not significant,mainly by increasing grain weight to improve yield.There is a highly significant positive correlation between water use efficiency and yield.In summary,shrinking the row and unifying the plant are beneficial for increasing the number of tillers,leaf area index,dry matter accumulation,grouting parameters,yield,and WUE.Among them,the semi compact variety Malan 1 has the best yield and WUE effect.Clarify the water use characteristics of winter wheat with different plant types under uniform plant arrangement.To achieve increased storage and consumption of farmland water,fill the resource gap formed by crop yield in water resource restricted areas,and provide technical reference and theoretical guidance for efficient utilization of crop water.