Effects Of Different Fertilization Treatments On Yield And Nutrient Absorption Of Winter Wheat In Shaya County

As a major agricultural county in Xinjiang,Shaya county is an important grain producing area in southern Xinjiang.In order to increase production in this area,the amount of fertilizer application has been continuously increased.This leads to the low utilization rate of local fertilizer,high production investment and deterioration of soil quality.In order to understand the local fertilizer utilization situation,clarify the impact of Fertilization on Winter Wheat Yield and nutrient absorption,and explore the feasibility of reducing fertilizer application,the experiments of fertilizer utilization rate,fertilizer reduction and combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers were carried out under field positioning conditions.Fertilizer utilization test includes formula fertilization treatment,PK treatment,NK treatment,NP treatment and CK treatment under formula fertilization conditions.Based on the formula fertilization,four fertilization methods were set up:10%nitrogen reduction treatment,10%phosphorus reduction treatment,20%nitrogen reduction treatment and 20%phosphorus reduction treatment.The experiment of combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers is based on formula fertilization,and then the fertilization is compared and analyzed with any combination of organic silicon fertilizer,Silicon Valley High Tower fertilizer,urea,three material phosphate fertilizer and potassium sulfate under different application rates.The effects of these three fertilization schemes on winter wheat yield,wheat nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium nutrient absorption and soil nutrient changes were studied to determine the fertilization method suitable for local winter wheat production.The main research conclusions of fertilizer utilization rate test,fertilizer reduction test and combined application test of organic and inorganic fertilizers in 2021 are as follows:（1）Through the fertilizer utilization test,it is concluded that compared with the formula fertilization treatment,the lack of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizer treatment can significantly reduce the content of soil available N,P and K nutrients.The effects of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizer deficiency on Wheat Yield and nutrient absorption of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium were the largest in nitrogen fertilizer,the second in phosphorus fertilizer and the smallest in potassium fertilizer.（2）The results of chemical fertilizer reduction test showed that reducing the application of 10%-20%phosphorus fertilizer and 10%nitrogen fertilizer could reduce the soil p H value and increase the content of soil organic matter,but had no effect on the content of soil alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium;Reducing the application of 20%nitrogen fertilizer will lead to the insufficient content of alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen in soil;Reducing the application of 10%-20%nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer had no effect on the absorption of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in wheat;Reducing the application of 10%-20%phosphorus fertilizer and 10%nitrogen fertilizer had no effect on wheat yield.Reducing the application of 20%nitrogen fertilizer would lead to insufficient wheat yield.Reducing the application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer can improve the utilization rate of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer in wheat.（3）Through the experiment of combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers,it is concluded that the combined application of appropriate organic silicon fertilizer,Silicon Valley High Tower fertilizer and chemical fertilizer will not reduce the yield of wheat.The application of organic silicon fertilizer 450 kg hm^-2combined with three material phosphorus fertilizer 220.8 kg hm^-2and urea432 kg hm^-2promoted the soil available nutrients and organic matter content,yield and yield components（1000 grain weight,number of grains per panicle,number of effective panicles）.