A Study On Abandoned Farmland In Mountainous Areas Under The Background Of Urbanization

Farmland resources are the foundation of agricultural production and an important guarantee for national food security.With the acceleration of China’s urbanization process,a large number of rural young and middle-aged labor has shifted to cities,and many rural areas have seen the phenomenon of farmland being abandoned,which has endangered the country’s food security.In the context of urbanization,this paper selects Shexian County of Hebei Province as the research area,and analyzes the changes of land use structure in Shexian over the past 30 years by using two remote sensing images from 1990 and 2021.Through field investigation,this paper further analyzes the land use and abandoned farmland situation in the county,analyzes the influencing factors of abandoned farmland based on the farmer household level and the plot level,and finally evaluates the risk of abandoned farmland.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)Changes in the land use structure of the county.From 1990 to 2021,the land use changes in the counties showed a trend of "three increases and three decreases".The area of woodland,construction land and bare land increased,and the area of farmland,grassland and water area decreased.(2)The current situation of abandoned farmland in Shexian County.The cultivated land is mainly distributed in the middle of the county and on both sides of the Handan Highway,including the county seat,Jingdian,Gengle,Pidian,Xixu,Mabu,Longhu and other places.Among the 9349 abandoned farmland map patches extracted,654 were abandoned farmland map patches,covering an area of 455 hectares,and the abandoned farmland rate was 2.54%.The smallest abandoned farmland area is 0.01 hectares and the largest is 13.21 hectares.From field research,it can be seen that the terraced fields in Shexian are narrow,with a high degree of fineness,a large slope and low mechanical utilization.In the survey of150 farming households and 730 farmland,There are 54.2 acres of abandoned farmland,and the pure rate was 10.43%;There were 146.1 acres of abandoned farmland under extensive management,and the Implicit rate was 28.11%.(3)Factors influencing the abandonment of arable land.According to the analysis results of the influencing factors of the farmer scale,a total of seven independent variables were statistically significant,namely,the average age of the family farming labor force,the education level of the head of the household,the average health status of the family farming labor force,the proportion of the family elderly agricultural labor force,the income of the family planting industry,the level of mechanization and the degree of cultivated land fragmentation.The five independent variables,total household population,farm household type,household non-farm income,cultivated land area and land circulation awareness,were not statistically significant.According to the analysis results of the influencing factors of land scale,a total of four indicators have an impact on the desertion behavior of cultivated land,namely cultivated land area,cultivated land quality,cultivated distance and irrigation conditions.The type of field has little effect on the desertion behavior of cultivated land.(4)Risk assessment of farmland abandonment.Results of individual assessments: The result of a single assessment of cultivated land area is that most of the plots are at high risk;In the single assessment based on the quality of the plot,the cultivation distance and the risk of abandonment of irrigation conditions,the proportion of low-risk arable land is relatively large.Comprehensive evaluation results: Most of the cultivated land is in a medium-risk state.