| Intercropping is a planting mode that can improve the multiple cropping index of arable land and improve land use efficiency.At this stage in southwest my country,corn and soybean strip compound planting is mainly promoted.The research focuses on different intercropping planting proportions.There are few studies.This paper can provide data support for compound planting in Southwest China by studying the effects of the coupling of different drip irrigation and intercropping modes on crop growth,physiological indicators,yield and nitrogen-related indicators.In this study,three drip irrigation methods were set up through greenhouse planting experiments: shallow burial drip irrigation,sub-film drip irrigation,and ground drip irrigation,which were recorded as SDI,FDI,and GDI,respectively.Set pipe irrigation as a control,denoted as I;set up two intercropping modes:corn: soybean 2:2 intercropping,corn: soybean 4:4 intercropping,denoted as MS,MN respectively.The maize single crop was set as the control,denoted as MM;the experiment was a two-factor randomized block design with a total of 12 treatments.By studying the effects of drip irrigation and intercropping on maize growth physiological indicators,soil moisture content,soil nitrogen content and yield,the main research conclusions are as follows:(1)Drip irrigation and intercropping can promote the plant height,diameter and leaf area of maize.FDI treatment is beneficial to increase the plant height of maize in the early stage of growth;in the middle and late stages of growth,the plant height of maize under SDI treatment is better;in the whole growth period,the plant height of MN treatment is higher than that of MS;intercropping and drip irrigation can promote the diameter of maize;There was no significant difference in maize ear height among treatments;drip irrigation significantly increased maize leaf area index,which was the largest under SDI treatment,and intercropping had no significant effect on leaf area index;intercropping and drip irrigation had effects on net photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate,and stomatal conductance of leaves at ear position during grain filling.It has a promoting effect,and maize plants grow relatively well under MN-SDI treatment.(2)FDI treatment was better for increasing soil moisture content of 0-10 cm,and SDI treatment was better for increasing soil moisture content at 10-40 cm;the effect of intercropping mode on soil moisture content was not significant;soil nitrogen content of each treatment The change trend of : from shallow to deep showed a first increase and then a decrease,and the whole growth period showed a trend of first increase and then decrease,and the nitrogen content of SDI treatment was the highest.The contents of soil nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen in the two intercropping modes were higher than those of single cropping,and MN>MS.(3)Drip irrigation significantly increased the number of grains per ear,100-grain quality and yield,and the increase was higher under SDI treatment;the yield of intercropping was higher than that of single cropping,and MN>MS;the effects of different drip irrigation methods on dry matter accumulation during the jointing and bell-mouth stages were significantly higher.The effect was not significant,and it was higher under SDI treatment at grain filling and mature stages.The intercropping mode had no significant effect on dry matter accumulation;the crop economic coefficients showed as SDI>FDI>GDI>I,MN>MS>MM.MN-SDI economic coefficient is higher.(4)The evaluation results based on principal component analysis showed that the suitable intercropping mode was corn:soybean 4:4 intercropping MN,and the suitable drip irrigation method was shallow burial drip irrigation SDI.In conclusion,from the aspects of promoting the growth and physiology of maize plants,improving the soil water environment,reducing soil nitrogen loss and increasing yield,the most suitable treatment is MN-SDI treatment. |
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