Effects Of Selenium Application Ways On The Growth And Elemental Content Of Vegetables

Selenium is a trace element that is necessary for life,thus eating plants high in selenium is crucial for maintaining good health.In this study,four vegetables were used as the research object,and a pot experiment was conducted on foliar and soil application of selenium to grow vegetables in order to better understand the effects of selenium on vegetable growth,selenium-rich effect,heavy metal antagonism,and nutrient status.Vegetable plant height during the growth season,biomass,selenium,arsenic,and nutrient content of harvested vegetables,as well as selenium,arsenic,and fundamental physicochemical parameters of soil,were all measured.The findings showed that:(1)The plant height of the eggplant rose during the course of its growth,with the rate of growth being faster in the early stages and slower in the latter stages.Foliar application of selenium may lead to eggplant plant dwarfing.The biomass of eggplant fruit rose by 34.39%and 30.67%,respectively,following foliar and soil applications of selenium.The plant height of the water spinach rose at a consistent rate throughout time.Foliar and soil applications of selenium had no noticeable impact on the biomass and plant height of water spinach.(2)The application of selenium can encourage the uptake and enrichment of selenium by vegetables,and the impact of foliar application is better than that of soil application.The fruit of the eggplant is the most selenium-rich organ following foliar application of selenium,whereas the leaf of the eggplant is the most selenium-rich organ following soil application.Following foliar application of selenium,the selenium content of eggplant leaves and fruits were,respectively,2.1 and 3.0 times greater than following soil application,the selenium enrichment of eggplant leaves,fruits,above-ground parts,and total selenium enrichment were,respectively,1.3,3.1,1.5 and 1.4 times greater than following soil application,the rates of selenium utilization in eggplant roots,leaves,fruits,and total selenium utilization rate were,respectively,23.1,40.7,107.7 and 44.4 times greater than following soil application.The leaf of the water spinach is the most selenium-rich organ following foliar application of selenium,whereas the root of the water spinach is the most selenium-rich organ following soil application of selenium.Following foliar application of selenium,the selenium content of the water spinach stems and leaves were,respectively,3.4 and 4.8 times greater than following soil application,the selenium enrichment of the water spinach stems,leaves,above-ground parts,and total selenium enrichment were,respectively,3.4,3.8,3.7 and 2.0times greater than following soil application,the rates of selenium utilization in water spinach roots,stems,leaves and total selenium utilization rate were,respectively,5.4,230.4,142.9and 69.9 times greater than following soil application.The leaf of the pepper is the most selenium-rich organ following foliar and soil application of selenium.Following foliar application of selenium,the selenium content of all organs of pepper were greater than following soil application,the selenium enrichment of pepper stems,leaves,above-ground parts and total selenium enrichment were greater than following soil application.The selenium content and selenium enrichment of cabbage stems and leaves were significantly increased following foliar application of selenium.(3)The application of selenium fertilizer had an arsenic-reducing effect on eggplant.The total arsenic enrichment of the eggplant was reduced by 28.4% and 53.7% with foliar and soil application of selenium,respectively.Foliar application of selenium fertilizer was able to enrich arsenic more in the ground.Soil application of selenium reduced the arsenic content and enrichment of the water spinach leaves by 49.0% and 24.4%,respectively,but significantly increased their total arsenic enrichment,while Foliar application of selenium reduced the arsenic content of the water spinach roots and leaves by 24.0% and 17.2%,respectively,but did not significantly alter their total arsenic enrichment.The total arsenic enrichment of the pepper was significantly increased by both foliar and soil application of selenium.Soil application of selenium significantly increased the arsenic content and enrichment of the cabbage stems and decreased the arsenic content and enrichment of leaves,while leaf application of selenium increased the arsenic enrichment of the cabbage stems and leaves.(4)The application of selenium can improve the nutrient status of vegetables,but if the way of applying selenium,the type of nutrient elements,the type of vegetable and its parts are different,the effect of selenium on the nutrient content will be different.(5)Soil application of selenium increased the selenium content of vegetable soils.Foliar application of selenium increased organic matter content and alkaliolytic nitrogen content of the water spinach soil,and increased p H,alkaliolytic nitrogen content and fast-acting potassium content of the eggplant soil.In summary,the application of selenium can promote the uptake and enrichment of selenium in vegetables,and foliar applications of selenium are more effective.The application of selenium affects the growth,nutrient status and arsenic enrichment of vegetables,but there are some differences depending on the application way and the type of vegetable.