Production Of Fermented Feed For Pigs Using Waste Vegetable Leaves And Evaluation Of Its Application Effect

Yunnan province is a major vegetable producing province with an annual output of over 27 million tons.In the process of vegetable production and refrigeration,a large amount of waste vegetable leaves are generated,and these waste vegetable leaves are usually treated by landfilling.over time,the decomposed liquid of these waste vegetable leaves will seep into the surface and pollute rivers,and are prone to producing a large number of mosquitoes,flies,bacteria,and leading to a decrease in air quality.Secondly,the residual pesticides in waste vegetable leaves also have a certain impact on the ecological environment.How to recycle and reuse waste vegetable leaf resources will be an important issue for the healthy and sustainable development of the vegetable industry in the future.In addition,since 2020,the prices of feed raw materials,including corn and soybean meal,have been continuously increasing,resulting in high breeding costs for livestock and poultry.Therefore,seeking high-quality and low-cost grain saving feed is an important task for animal husbandry and feed research and development.This article uses fresh waste vegetable leaves as research materials and selects Saccharomyces cerevisiae with a yield increasing protein content of 4.2% through laboratory screening;Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis that can efficiently degrade 25%-70% organic phosphorus,carbamate and pyrethroid pesticides;Lactobacillus salivarius,which can reduce the content of anti nutritional factors in rapeseed meal by 70.88%,is used as the fermentation strain.According to the nutritional requirements of Norden black pigs at the fattening stage,rice bran,rapeseed meal,corn meal,Chinese herbal medicine and other ingredients are added to the crushed fresh waste rapeseed leaves for fermentation to prepare the biological fermented feed mainly consisting of fresh waste rapeseed leaves.The basic feed indicators of the biological fermented feed are tested,and it is found that the biological fermented feed has high protein.The characteristics of low fiber,low ash content,multiple viable bacteria,and p H below 4.2.Finally,20 Norden black pigs at the age of 6 months with similar body weight were selected as experimental subjects and randomly divided into 4 groups,with 5 pigs in each group.Among them,the control group(CK group)was fed with 100% full feed,the 75% full feed+25%biological fermented feed(CM group),the 50% full feed+50% biological fermented feed(PS group),and the 25% full feed+75% biological fermented feed(FM group)were used as the experimental group for a 60 day feeding experiment,The feeding effect of the biological fermented feed was evaluated.The results showed that biological fermented feed can effectively increase the body weight of black pigs and reduce the feed to weight ratio to some extent,with the daily weight gain of the CM group reaching 0.52 kg.In addition,it significantly increased the activity of serum SOD and GSH-Px enzymes,and significantly reduced the activity of MDA in plasma(P<0.05),thereby improving the immune ability of black pigs;Increase the villus length and mucosal thickness of the ileum,jejunum and duodenum,further improve the digestion and absorption capacity of the black pig’s intestines to feed,significantly inhibit the abundance of pathogenic bacteria such as Streptococcus in the intestines of Norden black pigs(P<0.05),and prevent the Moraxellaceae pathogens in the environment from infecting black pigs,so as to improve the abundance of beneficial bacteria and the diversity of intestinal flora.In addition,in terms of sensory evaluation of pork,the fresh meat of the three experimental groups was red and shiny,with no difference compared to the control group.However,they were superior in flavor,tenderness,and juiciness.In amino acid analysis,the total amino acid content of the FM experimental group was as high as23.6(g/100g),while the control group was only 19.7(g/100g);The economic benefit analysis results show that the CM group can achieve a maximum profit of21725.575 yuan within 60 days.From a unit price perspective,the biological fermented feed is 3.315 yuan/kg,while the full price feed requires 4.8 yuan/kg,which can save 1.485 yuan per kilogram of biological fermented feed,indicating that biological fermented feed has a high cost advantage.In summary,the biological fermented feed prepared in this article is safe,environmentally friendly,and has high economic benefits.It can effectively improve the overall quality of the Nuodeng black pig,reduce the breeding cost of the Nuodeng black pig,achieve the recycling and reuse of waste vegetable leaf resources,and lay the foundation for exploring high-quality and low-cost grain saving feed research.